Ch 12 Endocrine System Structure and Function Practice

Question 1

Responsible for sexual maturation; plays a role in the metabolism of food and energy storage

Answer 1

Endocrine Glands

Question 2

Produces T lymphocytes that are necessary for the immune system

Answer 2

Thymus Gland

Question 3

Located on top of each kidney; secrete the hormones epinephrine, aldosterone, cortisol and androgens

Answer 3

Adrenal Gland

Question 4

The state of dynamic equilibrium

Answer 4

Homeostasis

Question 5

Sleep-wake cycle

Answer 5

Circadian Rhythm

Question 6

Secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon, which work cooperatively to maintain healthy blood glucose levels

Answer 6

Pancreas

Question 7

The portion of the pituitary gland that secretes the hormones oxytocin and ADH

Answer 7

Posterior Lobe

Question 8

Work in pairs to maintain a healthy balance to keep the body’s internal environment healthy

Answer 8

Hormones

Question 9

Secrete the hormones estrogen and progesterone

Answer 9

Ovaries

Question 10

Produces the hormones triiodothyronine a thyroxine that are responsible for growth throughout childhood and regulation of body metabolism

Answer 10

Thyroid Gland

Question 11

Low blood sugar

Answer 11

Hypoglycemia

Question 12

Located in the brain, above and behind the thalamus; produces the hormone melatonin

Answer 12

Pineal Gland

Question 13

Secrete the hormone testosterone

Answer 13

Testes

Question 14

The ovaries and testes; sometimes called the gonads

Answer 14

Reproductive Glands

Question 15

The portion of the pituitary gland that secretes the hormones GH, TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin, and ACTH

Answer 15

Anterior Lobe

Question 16

High blood sugar

Answer 16

Hyperglycemia

Question 17

Structure attached to the lower surface of the hypothalamus in the brain; it controls all the other glands in the body

Answer 17

Pituitary Gland

Question 18

They secrete the hormone PTH, which helps to regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood.

Answer 18

Parathyroid Glands

Question 19

A pathology in which blood sugar levels may widely fluctuate

Answer 19

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 20

Each gland produces a hormone that serves to oppose another substance. The gland may increase or decrease production of the hormone to stimulate a corresponding decrease or increase of that substance.

Answer 20

Negative Feedback System

Question 21

Acts on the liver to convert glycogen into glucose

Answer 21

Glucagon

Question 22

Acts on the uterus to promote contractions during labor and delivery

Answer 22

Oxytocin

Question 23

Responsible for growth throughout childhood and regulation of body metabolism

Answer 23

Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)

Question 24

Promotes the growth of body structures, such as bones

Answer 24

Growth Hormone

Question 25

Produces sperm, deepening of the voice, growth of facial hair, and increased muscle development in the male

Answer 25

Testosterone

Question 26

Influences the body's natural circadian rhythm

Answer 26

Melatonin

Question 27

Acts on the adrenal glands to secrete glucocorticoids, including cortisol

Answer 27

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Question 28

Enables the body to respond to stressful situations by converting glycogen into glucose for quick energy

Answer 28

Epinephrine

Question 29

Affects the growth and functioning of the thyroid gland

Answer 29

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

Question 30

Regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood

Answer 30

Calcitonin

Question 31

Breaks carbohydrates down into glucose and stimulates cells to take up glucose from the blood

Answer 31

Insulin

Question 32

Acts on the kidneys to increase the absorption of water

Answer 32

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 33

Plays a vital role in the menstrual cycle and is important in the prevention of osteoporosis

Answer 33

Estrogen

Question 34

Act on the gonads to produce an ovum in the female and sperm in the male

Answer 34

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 35

Works to decrease inflammation

Answer 35

Cortisol

Question 36

Plays a role in regulating and maintaining the body's water, sodium, and electrolyte balance

Answer 36

Aldosterone

Question 37

Responsible for secondary sexual characteristics in females and males

Answer 37

Androgens

Question 38

Necessary to prepare and maintain the uterus for a fertilized ovum

Answer 38

Progesterone

Question 39

Acts on the mammary glands to produce milk

Answer 39

Prolactin

Question 40

Also called parathyroid hormone; helps to regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood

Answer 40

Parathormone (PTH)