Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FORENSIC 4 > CHAPTER 2 MIDTERMS > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2 MIDTERMS Flashcards

(93 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The origin of the word paper is _____, which was discovered by the Egyptian more than 4,000 years ago.

A

PAPYRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When did the Egyptian discovered paper?

A

MORE THAN 4,000 YEARS AGO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

It is the early form of writing surface made from grasses called “reeds”.

A

PAPER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The first paper was made in _____ about 2,000 years ago from the bark of the mulberry tree.

A

CHINA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When was the first paper was made in China from the bark of the mulberry tree?

A

ABOUT 2,000 YEARS AGO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The first papermaking mill was established in _____ in 1150.

A

SPAIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When was the first papermaking mill in Spain was established?

A

1150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who introduced paper in Europe?

A

MOORS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The introduction of movable type during the _____ made book printing practical and greatly stimulated papermaking.

A

MIDDLE OF THE 15TH CENTURY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The first paper mill in England was established in _____.

A

1495

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When was paper introduced in the United States of America?

A

17TH CENTURY SPECIFICALLY 1690

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The only satisfactory raw material known to European papermakers.

A

RAGS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The first practical machine was made in _____ by the French inventor Nicholas Louis Robert.

A

1798

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The first practical machine was made in 1798 by the French inventor _____.

A

NICHOLAS LOUIS ROBERT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Robert’s machine was improved by the British stationers and brothers _____ and _____, who in 1803 produced the first of the machines that bear their name.

A

HENRY FOURDRINIER AND SEALY FOURDRINIER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Robert’s machine was improved by the British stationers and brothers Henry Fourdrinier and Sealy Fourdrinier, who in _____ produced the first of the machines that bear their name.

A

1803

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Virtually permanent because the carbon in the lampblack is chemically inert and is not bleached or otherwise affected by sunlight.

A

INDIA INKS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Contain synthetic dyes rather than lampblack.

A

COLORED INDIA INKS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Are primarily used for drawing.

A

INDIA INKS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Are made from soot, lampblack, and glue and other ingredients.

A

CHINA INKS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

It is made of gallo tanic acid from the gall nuts obtained from oak trees and iron sulphate both found in Asia Minor where most of the ancient iron mines were located.

A

IRON GALLO-TANNATE INK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ink containing potassium chromate in saturated logwood used since about 1850. It is purple dark in color and turns black on paper and can be washed of chemically.

A

LOGWOOD INK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

First manufactured sometime in 1870 are derived or made from a coal tar.

A

NEGROSINE AND ANILINE INKS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

With improved qualities are used as fountain pen inks.

A

ANILINE INKS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
An ink which is difficult to remove from paper composed of different colors. This ink has permanency against water soaking.
ALKALINE INK
26
Usually contain methylene blue or suspension of Prussian blue consisting of potassium ferric ferrocyanide or ferric ferrocyanide plus oxalic acid which is dispersed in water to give a blue solution.
BLUE INKS
27
This ink is surely used in paper because of its permanent heavy ink that penetrates the paper and cannot be removed at all.
INDELIBLE INK
28
Are varnishes which contain pigments and consist of boiled oil with various natural or synthetic resins.
PRINTING INKS
29
Are similar to writing inks in composition, but in addition, contain small amounts of glycerin or sugar.
COPYING INKS
30
A slow evaporating ink that dries in the paper is composed of coloring materials that contain glycerol and glycols.
STAMP-PAD INK
31
Another essential ink used by spy organizations in sending messages is the _____. It is used to write secret notes or codes.
SECRET INK OR THE INVISIBLE INK
32
Are usually composed of chemical or vegetable substances called sympathetic or cryptographic inks with cobalt, chloride, citric acid and lemon juice.
SYNTHETIC INVISIBLE INKS
33
The first from of written communication which started as far back as 20,000 years ago was graphically represented by arranged objects and drawings on the walls of caves and big stones.
ICONOGRAPHS
34
When was the iconographs discovered?
20,000 YEARS AGO
35
Are simple drawings such as stick figures.
IDEOGRAPHS
36
Were combined with ideographs in providing information which started sometime after 3,500 BC.
ICONOGRAPHIC SYMBOLS
37
When was iconographic symbols were combined with ideographs in providing information?
3,500 BC
38
In which a simplified picture of the sun stood for the word sun, was probably the first step towards a written language.
PICTOGRAPHIC WRITING
39
To represent non-picturable ideas, this writing system combined pictorgraphs.
CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM
40
The pictograph for the sun and tree were combined to represent the spoken word for east. This method of combining pictographs to represent the words for ideas in known as _____.
IDEOGRAPHIC SYSTEM
41
The _____ exhibit elements of a syllabic system.
EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHICS
42
Produced the cuneiform system when they conquered Mesopotamia in 3,200 BC and is perhaps the oldest system of writing.
SUMERIAN
43
The Sumerian produced this writing system when they conquered Mesopotamia in 3,200 BC and is perhaps the oldest system of writing.
CUNEIFORM SYSTEM
44
Means wedged-shaped. It was adopted by many Semitic tribes and evolved into different versions under the Acadians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Elamites, Hittites, and Kassites.
CUNEIFORM
45
Symbols of more than one syllabic value is the combination of ideographs and phonetics.
POLYPHONES
46
Are different symbols with the same phonetic value.
HOMOPHONES
47
Developed three different styles of symbol system - the hieroglyphics, hieratic, and demotic.
EGYPTIAN WRITING
48
Are characters in any system of writing in which symbols represent objects and ideas. The word comes from a Greek term meaning "sacred carving", which the ancient Greeks used to describe decorative characters carved on Egyptian monuments.
HIEROGLYPHICS
49
Until what year does Hieroglyphics prevailed?
500 AD
50
When was the pen and papyrus introduced to encouraged the development of hieratic writing that employed simpler form to depict the same figure?
2,000 BC
51
Employed simpler form to depict the same figure. Became the choice of business and private documents.
HIERATIC
52
A highly cursive form of hieratic developed about 700 BC, was generally used in Egypt.
DEMOTIC
53
When was Demotic writing in Egypt developed?
700 BC
54
The Cretan, Elamitic, and Indus Valley civilizations and the Hittite civilization developed their particular version of _____ and later replaced by more cursive or pictographic systems.
BABYLONIAN CUNEIFORM
55
Semiphonetic forms in China date back to _____.
1,500 BC
56
This writing is similar but has great dissimilarities in pronunciation with Chinese.
JAPANESE WRITING
57
Are credited with the spread of the first alphabet from 1,200 to 900 BC.
PHOENICIAN
58
When was the writing system in all Greek states was standardized and Athens has adopted a fixed form for Greek letters?
350 BC
59
Later to facilitate the freehand execution of forms, the _____ was modified.
IONIC GREEK ALPHABET
60
Two classes of writing that have evolved:
1. CALLIGRAPHY 2. TACHYGRAPHY
61
This class of writing is for book hand forms.
CALLYGRAPHY
62
This class of writing is for document hand form.
TACHYGRAPHY
63
When was rounded form permitted ligatures to link letters and gave writing more speed.
AFTER 250 BC
64
A Greek new form of handwritten design emerged in the 7th and 8th century AD.
MINUSCULES
65
When was Minuscules emerged?
7th and 8th CENTURY AD
66
When was the uncial form and the minuscules merged?
BETWEEN 1,000 AND 1,400 AD
67
These are the small letters in the alphabet.
MINUSCULES
68
A derivation of Greek alphabet in Northern Italy which combined Semitic and Greek letters.
ETRUSCANS ALPHABET
69
When was the Latin Alphabet of the Roman Empire was developed?
First century AD
70
Another Derivation of Greek alphabet developed in 800 BC when people lived in the heel of Italy.
MESSAPIAN ALPHABET
71
When was the Messapian Alphabet developed?
800 BC
72
Consists of 21 Greek letters from the Etruscan alphabet.
FIRST LATIN ALPHABET
73
How many years does the change of the Roman Alphabet was established adding two more Greek symbols: "Y" and "Z". Three Latin letters were also added: "U", "W", and "J" bringing the total to the current 26 letters/
AFTER 600 YEARS
74
Developed the alphabet and enhanced different forms of letters. The small letters and the capitals developed through the centuries and became the everyday writing in private and business dealing.
ROMANS
75
Writing systems in 800 AD which died in 1,000 AD
UNCIAL SYSTEM AND SEMI-UNCIAL SYSTEM
76
Writing system in 400 AD
CURSIVE MINUSCULE
77
Writing system in the tenth and eleventh century
LOMBARDIC MINUSCULE
78
Other forms or system of writing in France
MEROVINGIAN SCRIPT
79
Other forms or system of writing in 8th and 9th century in Western Europe
GERMANIC PRE-CAROLINE
80
Other forms or system of writing developed by the Church during the Middle Ages
INSULAR OR ANGLO-IRIS HAND
81
Other forms or system of writing developed at the start of 850 AD
ITALIAN GOTHIC AND THE GERMAN GOTHIC
82
Consists of 22 characters, all of them consonants, some of the characters can also represent vowels.
HEBREW ALPHABET
83
Are both written in the Greek alphabet, which consists of 24 letters. The word alphabet comes from the first two letters of the Greek alphabet, alpha and beta.
ANCIENT AND MODERN GREEK
84
The word alphabet comes from the first two letters of the Greek alphabet. _____ and _____.
APLHA AND BETA
85
Is used for writing Russian and with modifications, for writing Bulgarian, Serbian, Ukrainian, and other languages. It developed from the Greek alphabet but contains additional letters to represent sounds not present in Greek.
CYRILLIC ALPHABET
86
Has 28 letters and is based on 18 distinct shapes plus dots written above or below those shapes. Is written from right to left, and the letters are joined in writing.
ARABIC ALPHABET
87
Scribes used hieroglyphics to record state documents and important historical events. Hieroglyphics with religious purposes also were painted on tomb walls and wooden coffins, such as these hieroglyphs from the tomb of Queen Amonherkhepsef, located in the Valley of the Queens.
ANCIENT EGYPT
88
How many characters does the Hebrew alphabet have?
22 CHARACTERS
89
How many letters does Ancient and Modern Greek consists?
24 LETTERS
90
How many letters does the Arabic alphabet have?
28 LETTERS
91
How many distinct shapes does the Arabic alphabet have?
18 DISTINCT SHAPES
92
How many letters does the first Latin alphabet have?
21 LETTERS
93
How many does the Roman alphabet have?
26 LETTERS

FORENSIC 4 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions