CHAPTER 5 MIDTERMS Flashcards
(25 cards)
Principle No. 1
NO TWO WRITERS WRITE EXACTLY ALIKE
This is the basis of all handwriting identification. Early workers who pioneered in the scientific identification of handwriting assumed that “no two writers write exactly alike”. This assumption has stood the test of time.
PRINCIPLE NO. 1 NO TWO WRITERS WRITE EXACTLY ALIKE
Each writer has a handwriting which is personal and peculiar to him alone. Each writer has their own habit. The manner of holding the pen and the mental capability of the person including the process of transmitting through the nerves the impulse to produce a writing, constitute a characteristic which are unique to a writer.
PRINCIPLE NO.1 NO TWO WRITERS WRITE EXACTLY ALIKE
Are those elements of handwriting that repeatedly appear.
HABITS
Principle No. 2
THE PHYSICAL WRITING CONDITION AND POSITION OF THE PERSON INCLUDING HIS WRITING INSTRUMENT MAY AFFECT THE HAND WRITING CHARACTERISTICS BUT THEY DO NOT CONFINE ALL ITS IDENTIFYING ELEMENTS
Deterioration in writing results from less accurate coordination of the highly complicated interrelated factors which go into the writing process. Thus, one would not expect only one or two identifying characteristics to be altered while the others will to continue to be reproduced exactly as before.
PRINCIPLE NO. 2 THE PHYSICAL WRITING CONDITION AND POSITION OF THE PERSON INCLUDING HIS WRITING INSTRUMENT MAY AFFECT THE HANDWRITING CHARACTERISTICS BUT THEY DO NOT CONFINE ALL ITS IDENTIFYING ELEMENTS
A transitory change maybe injected into handwriting by temporary physical and mental conditions such as, fatigue, nervous tension, and intoxication or severe illness, from which the writer ultimately recovers. In these cases, handwriting reverts to its normal qualities after the causes of deterioration are removed.
PRINCIPLE NO. 2 THE PHYSICAL WRITING CONDITION AND POSITION OF THE PERSON INCLUDING HIS WRITING INSTRUMENT MAY AFFECT THE HANDWRITING CHARACTERISTICS BUT THEY DO NOT CONFINE ALL ITS IDENTIFYING ELEMENTS
Are those changes, which continue only while the basic cause is affecting the writer. Ultimately, his handwriting recovers or assumes its normal qualities when the cause of deterioration has been removed.
TRANSITORY CHANGES
Principle No. 3
A WRITER CANNOT EXCEED HIS MAXIMUM WRITING ABILITY OR SKILL WITHOUT SERIOUS EFFORT AND TRAINING APPLIED OVER A PERIOD OF TIME
The preceding principle says that no writer can spontaneously exceed his best handwriting.
PRINCIPLE NO. 3 A WRITER CANNOT EXCEED HIS MAXIMUM WRITING ABILITY OR SKILL WITHOUT SERIOUS EFFORT OR TRAINING APPLIED OVER A PERIOD OF TIME
For the most part it completely unpracticed and even if it has been practiced, it will never develop to the point that a person’s writing ability and habit are bound to bring about a less fluent and less skillful mode of writing.
DISGUISE
Is seldom rehearsed. It is an unnatural form of writing. In its execution, the writer must concentrate his attention on eliminating personal identifying details and at the same time devise and execute a new style of writing.
DISGUISE
Ingrained in our personality and cannot be eliminated in just a short time.
WRITING HABIT
Principle No. 4
THE COMBINATION OF HANDWRITING CHARACTERISTICS INCLUDING THOSE DERIVED FROM FORM AND WRITING MOVEMENTS ARE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF IDENTIFICATION
Handwriting characteristics serve as parts of the ultimate identification and a sound scientific conclusion that two specimens are by a single writer which cannot be based only on one or two points of agreement.
PRINCIPLE NO. 4 THE COMBINATION OF HANDWRITING CHARACTERISTICS INCLUDING THOSE DERIVED FROM FORM AND WRITING MOVEMENTS ARE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF IDENTIFICATION
The elements of movements such as skill, rhythm, writing pressure, emphasis and shading, location and quality of starts and stops, pen lifts and the like are reflected in the finished specimen. The combination of these and other elements describes the _____.
FUNDAMENTAL WRITING MOVEMENT
Principle No. 5
INDIVIDUALITY IN HANDWRITING CAN ONLY BE DETERMINED THROUGH COMPARATIVE EXAMINATION WITH THE STANDARD WRITTEN OR PREPARED UNDER COMPARABLE CONDITIONS
This principle actually defines adequate and proper standards. Unless they completely fulfill these conditions, their usefulness in any examination is limited.
PRINCIPLE NO. 5 INDIVIDUALITY IN HANDWRITING CAN ONLY BE DETERMINED THROUGH COMPARATIVE EXAMINATION WITH THE STANDARD WRITTEN OR PREPARED UNDER COMPARABLE CONDITIONS
Principle No. 6
SIMILARITY DOES NOT MEAN IDENTITY
Many people resembles one another, some in greater detail, others in less. But even persons, who are said to be “doubles”, are not in the same in appearance in every detail. There are always differences. Some of those differences are gross and easily discernable; while others may be subtle and discernable only upon close examination.
PRINCIPLE NO. 6 SIMILARITY DOES NOT MEAN IDENTITY
Just there are people who “look alike” but are not the “same” so are there many handwritings which are similar to each other in appearance, especially in common formation of letters, but not identical in individual writing characteristics, especially with regard to subconscious unique writing characteristics and distinctly individual writing habits.
PRINCIPLE NO. 6 SIMILARITY DOES NOT MEAN IDENTITY
Being the result of subconscious habits, unrealized by the writer, which make it possible to establish the identity of the writer or to determine whether the two writings or signatures of the same name were written by one person or two.
PRIMARY CONTROLLING CHARACTERISTICS
Principle No. 7
COMPLETE IDENTITY MEANS DEFINITE FORGERY
If a signature is geometrically identical with another, it points almost inevitably to a tracing; for neither the forger nor the owner of the signature himself can produce such a perfect copy. No person writes his signature precisely at the same twice in succession. The precise imitation, like a rubber stamp of a signature, is quickly detected as forgery.
PRINCIPLE NO. 7 COMPLETE IDENTIFTY MEANS DEFINITE FORGERY
