CHAPTER 6 FINALS

Question 1

The so-called “verification of signature is a specialized branch of handwriting examination.

Answer 1

IDENTIFICATION

Question 2

Is a word most practiced by many people and therefore most fluently written.

Answer 2

SIGNATURE

Question 3

Is a means to identify a person and has a great personal significance.

Answer 3

SIGNATURE

Question 4

Is written with little attention to spelling and some other details.

Answer 4

SIGNATURE

Question 5

Is a word written without conscious thought about the mechanics of its production and is written automatically.

Answer 5

SIGNATURE

Question 6

Is the only word the illiterate can write with confidence.

Answer 6

SIGNATURE

Question 7

May contain certain elements and features not common to the writer’s other classes of writing.

Answer 7

KNOWN SIGNATURE

Question 8

Is a combination of rather limited letter designs and due to its frequent use, it becomes almost automatic in many writers.

Answer 8

SIGNATURE

Question 9

The “eye-catching features” the forces of factors that contribute to the manner of writing of the signature are the “cornerstones” of its accurate identification.

Answer 9

DESIGN OR FORMS OF LETTERS

Question 10

It plays an important role in the process of identification between several signatures of the same person.

Answer 10

NATURAL VARIATION

Question 11

Genuine signature even if showing tremors will show some free, connecting, and terminal strokes made by the momentum of the hand.

Answer 11

DEGREE OF SKILL

Question 12

In genuine signatures, hesitations and stops are on natural places.

Answer 12

FIRMNESS OF STROKES

Question 13

Even in slow and unskillful signatures, there will be consistency in speed.

Answer 13

HABITUAL SPEED OF WRITING

Question 14

In genuine signatures, the upward strokes show more smoothness and freedom than the downward strokes.

Answer 14

FUNDAMENTAL MUSCULAR MOVEMENT

Question 15

As no two signatures are exactly alike, a certain amount of natural variation is expected and consequently allowed for letter design.

Answer 15

PRESENCE OF NATURAL VARIATION

Question 16

Is committed by any person who, with intent to defraud, signed the name of another person, or of a fictitious person, knowing that he has no authority to do so.

Answer 16

FORGERY

Question 17

Falsely makes, alters, forges, or counterfeits any check, draft and due-bills for the payment of money or property, or counterfeits or forges the seal of handwriting of another knowing the same to be fake, altered, or forged or counterfeit with intent to prejudice, damage or defraud any person.

Answer 17

FORGERY

Question 18

This kind of forgery is best termed as a “spurious signature”.

Answer 18

SIMPLE FORGERY

Question 19

In committing fraud, the forger who is confronted with the absence to produce a facsimile of the genuine, but merely signs the name in his own, or in a modified (disguised) handwriting and then contrives some means of passing the document as his own with intent to gain before the obvious fraud is discovered.

Answer 19

SIMPLE FORGERY

Question 20

This is commonly employed by the check-chief who steals, endorses, and passes government, corporation, or other checks or who procures printed check forms, completes and endorses them with fictitious signatures in order to pass them off as genuine.

Answer 20

SIMPLE FORGERY

Question 21

The determination of the fraudulent nature of this kind of forged signature becomes very elementary when standards of the genuine signatures are obtained. With sufficient standards the identity of the forger, thru his handwriting, may be possibly determined.

Answer 21

SIMPLE FORGERY

Question 22

The motion of the pen is slow and careful. The beginning and ending lines are usually blunt or clumsy in appearance.

Answer 22

SIMULATED FORGERY

Question 23

Written by expert forger which are passed off as genuine simple because untrained eyes can only judge the signature by its general appearance or pictorial effect but cannot detect the minutiae.

Answer 23

SIMULATED FORGERY

Question 24

Also known as skillful forgery.

Answer 24

SIMULATED FORGERY

Question 25

The forger has a model (genuine signature) before him to copy. Often, he undertakes some practice before he proceeds to his work of simulation or imitation.

Answer 25

SIMULATED FORGERY

Question 26

Is the result of an attempt to transfer to a fraudulent document an exact facsimile of a genuine signature or writing by some tracing process.

Answer 26

TRACED FORGERY

Question 27

It is any fraudulent signature executed by actually following the outline of a genuine signature with a writing instrument.

Answer 27

TRACED FORGERY

Question 28

Types of Forgery

Answer 28

1. SIMPLE FORGERY 2. SIMULATED FORGERY 3. TRACED FORGERY

Question 29

Types of Traced Forgery

Answer 29

1. CARBON PROCESS 2. INDENTATION PROCESS 3. PROJECTION PROCESS

Question 30

A carbon paper is placed between the genuine signature (top sheet) and the fraudulent document (below). Outline of model signature is traced with dry pen or pointed instrument to make a carbon offset on the lower sheet. Outline is finally re-written or retraced with suitable ink strokes.

Answer 30

CARBON PROCESS OR CARBON OUTLINE METHOD

Question 31

An intended or "canal-like" outline of the genuine signature is produced in the fraudulent document (lower sheet) by tracing (with suitable pressure or force) the outline of the genuine signature (top sheet) with a pointed instrument. The outline is then directly inked in some instances. The outline is first retraced lightly with a pencil before it is finally retraced with suitable ink.

Answer 31

INDENTATION PROCESS

Question 32

A spurious document is placed immediately over the genuine signature, with strong light directed through the two sheets of paper from below or behind. The outline that is seen through the upper sheet is then traced.

Answer 32

PROJECTION PROCESS OR TRANSMITTED-LIGHT PROCESS

Question 33

Is resorted to by a forger who lacks the necessary skill which is required in an off-hand or free-hand imitation of what is called simulated forgery.

Answer 33

TRACING

Question 34

In most cases is a clumsy forgery for it is usually a poor piece of work. It is the easiest to detect because it is not actually writing but a drawing.

Answer 34

TRACED FORGERY

Question 35

It is intended to reproduce not only the form but also the size, proportion and exact relations of all the parts of the original. The minute detail of each line, stroke, and even a dot, being followed closely as permitted by the method employed and the skill of the operator.

Answer 35

TRACED FORGERY

Question 36

Usually shows a decrepit, hesitating quality of line, hesitations as shown by pen stops, abnormal changes of direction of strokes, inconsistent pen pressure, and an unnatural movement interruption in a more pronounced manner than simulation, suspicious pen lift, disconnections and careful joining.

Answer 36

TRACED FORGERY

Question 37

Is usually done for the obvious purpose of connecting a palpable defect or supplying a part necessary to form and legibility.

Answer 37

NATURAL RETOUCHING

Question 38

Is deliberately done for the purpose of concealing the operation and form its appearance it can be observed to be the result of many delicate touches or patching strokes of the pen at different defective points.

Answer 38

FRAUDULENT RETOUCHING

Question 39

What is the first element to be considered in the examination of signature?

Answer 39

MOVEMENT EMPLOYED OR MANNER OF EXECUTION

Question 40

What is the second element to be considered in the examination of signature?

Answer 40

QUALITY OF LINE

Question 41

In the eyes of most laymen, it is a highly prominent factor. However, it is not the entire picture.

Answer 41

LETTERFORM

Question 42

They are those which conform to the general style acquired when one was learning to write and which is fashionable at a particular time and place.

Answer 42

COMMON CLASS CHARACTERISTICS

Question 43

It is the style taught to the child in school or by the parents. not all characteristics encountered in document examination are peculiar to a single person, but rather common to a group.

Answer 43

COMMON CLASS CHARACTERISTICS

Question 44

They are those introduced into the handwriting, consciously or unconsciously by the writer. They are highly personal or peculiar and are unlikely to occur in other instances.

Answer 44

INDIVIDUAL OR PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS

Question 45

Any arcade form in the body of the letter.

Answer 45

ARC OR ARCH

Question 46

A rudimentary curved initial strokes.

Answer 46

BEARD

Question 47

Blunt ending and initial strokes are results of the drawing process in forgery.

Answer 47

BLUNT ENDING OR BEGINNING

Question 48

The horizontal and looped strokes that are often used to complete such letters.

Answer 48

BUCKLE KNOT

Question 49

The part of a letter ordinarily formed by a small circle that usually lies on the line of writing.

Answer 49

CENTRAL PART OF THE BODY

Question 50

The small loop formed by strokes that extend in divergent direction.

Answer 50

EYE LOOP OR EYELET

Question 51

The lower portion of any down stroke which terminates on the baseline.

Answer 51

FOOT OF THE LETTER OR OVAL

Question 52

An element added to complete certain letters.

Answer 52

DIACRITIC

Question 53

The introductory backward strokes added to the beginning or ending of many capital letters or small letters.

Answer 53

HITCH

Question 54

The bend, crook or curve on the inner side of the bottom loop or curve of small letter.

Answer 54

HOOK OR TROUGH

Question 55

The rounded outside of the bend, crook, or curve in small letters.

Answer 55

HUMP

Question 56

Short horizontal beginning strokes.

Answer 56

SPUR

Question 57

Rounded appearance at the beginning or ending strokes.

Answer 57

KNOB

Question 58

Downward strokes of any letter.

Answer 58

MAIN STROKE OR SHANK STEM

Question 59

The upward strokes usually on letters that have long loops.

Answer 59

WHIRL

Question 60

An upward horizontal or downward final stroke usually seen in small letters.

Answer 60

SPACE FILLER OR TERMINAL SPUR

Question 61

A stroke that goes back over another writing stroke.

Answer 61

RETRACE OR RETRACING

Question 62

A stroke that goes back to repair a defective portion of writing.

Answer 62

RETOUCHING OR PATCHING

Question 63

Backspace of a letter.

Answer 63

STAFF

Question 64

Rules of imaginary line where the writing rest.

Answer 64

BASELINE

Question 65

Design of letter, which is fundamental to a writing system.

Answer 65

COPYBOOK FORM

Question 66

It is the periodic increase in pressure of intermittently forcing the pen against the paper surface with increased pressure.

Answer 66

PEN EMPHASIS

Question 67

In questioned document investigation refers to those things whose origin are known and can be proven and which can be legally used as samples to compare with other matters in questioned.

Answer 67

STANDARD

Question 68

The standard of comparison or what is commonly referred to as the basis of comparison consists of known authenticated writing of a person.

Answer 68

HANDWRITING IDENTIFICATION

Question 69

Is made with the standard of comparison in arriving at a conclusion or an opinion as to the genuineness or authorship of the questioned matter.

Answer 69

COMPARATIVE EXAMINATION OF A QUESTIONED SIGNATURE OR WRITING

Question 70

Those which can be obtained from files of document executed in the course of a person's day to day business, official, social, or personal activities.

Answer 70

PROCURED OR COLLECTED STANDARD

Question 71

They often serve as the best or most appropriate standards in the determination of the genuineness of a questioned signature or writing.

Answer 71

PROCURED OR COLLECTED STANDARD

Question 72

Those which are given or made upon the request of an investigator for purposes of making a comparative examination with the questioned writing.

Answer 72

REQUESTED STANDARD

Question 73

They serve in addition to collected standards that could be possibly obtained as appropriate standard in determining the identity or authorship of anonymous letters (such as libelous or poison notes, extortion notes, ransom notes, letters of threats, etc.)

Answer 73

REQUESTED STANDARD

Question 74

What document is needed for requesting Procured or Collected Standard?

Answer 74

COURT ORDER

Question 75

What document is needed for requesting Requested Standard?

Answer 75

SUBPOENA

Question 76

Disguised handwriting can be detected because only the _____ of the handwriting is changed, not the writer's individual primary and controlling writing characteristics.

Answer 76

APPEARANCE

Question 77

Can easily mislead the layman, and therefore it is important to have proper and sufficient material for comparison, to avoid the slightest possibility of error.

Answer 77

APPEARANCE OF HANDWRITING