chapter 2 (part 1) Flashcards
(43 cards)
matter
“stuff”, takes up space and has mass as solid, liquid or gas.
atom
smallest unit of matter that retains physical and chemical properties of that substance.
element
quantity of matter composed of same atoms.
What are the four main elements of life?
What percent of life do they make up?
C, H, O, N
96%
molecule
2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
compound
composed of 2 or more different atoms.
Atoms are made of subatomic particles.
They are __, __, and ___.
protons, electrons, neutrons
Protons have ___ charge.
+
Neutrons have ___ charge.
no
Which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus?
protons and neutrons
Electrons orbit the ___.
nucleus
A neutral atom has equal numbers of ___ and ___.
protons, electrons
The first orbital of an atom can hold __ electrons.
2
The 2nd (and beyond) orbitals of an atom can hold up to ___ electrons.
8
The outermost orbital of atoms contain ____ electrons.
valence
If atomic orbitals are not full, then the atoms are considered ____.
This means they can take part in chemical reactions.
reactive
Chemical bonds allow atoms to ___ orbitals and to ultimately be ___.
complete, stabilized
In ionic bond, electrons are transferred from ___ to ___.
nonmentals, metals
Net ____ charges cause atoms to “stick” or follow “opposites attract”.
opposite
An e- donor becomes more ___ and is now known as a ___.
positive, cation
An e- recipient becomes more ___ and is now known as ____.
negative, anion.
Covalent bonds involve the ____ of valence electrons.
sharing
Covalent bonds are typically ____ to ___.
nonmental, nonmental
When electrons are shared ____ this forms a nonpolar covalent bond.
equally
