Chapter 3 (part 1)

Question 1

____ comprise majority of bilayer

Answer 1

Phospholipids

Question 2

_____ water liking, polar “heads”

Answer 2

Hydrophilic

Question 3

____water hating, nonpolar “tails”

Answer 3

Hydrophobic

Question 4

_____ have carbohydrate chains and are used for cell to cell recognition

Answer 4

Glycolipids

Question 5

______ is made of fused rings and decreases packaging of phospholipids to increase membrane fluidity,

Answer 5

Cholesterol

Question 6

___ proteins are usually used for lipid insoluble substances.

Answer 6

Transport

Question 7

___ proteins are hydrophilic tunnels.

They are basically straws.

Answer 7

Channel

Question 8

Aquaporins are an example of ___ proteins

Answer 8

channel

Question 9

____ proteins bind and physically move substances.

They are straws that change shape.

Answer 9

Carrier

Question 10

Glucose carrier proteins are an example of ____ proteins.

Answer 10

carrier

Question 11

___ proteins change shape to bind specific molecules.

Answer 11

Receptor

Question 12

Insulin receptors are examples of ____ proteins.

Answer 12

receptor

Question 13

Cytoskeletal and the extracellular matrix are examples of ___ proteins.

Answer 13

attachment

Question 14

Cadherins and integrins are examples of ___ proteins.

Answer 14

attachment

Question 15

____ and ___ are examples of attachment proteins.

Answer 15

Cadherins, integrins

Question 16

____ catalyze reactions.

Answer 16

enzymes

Question 17

Name the enzyme needed to catalyze this reaction:

Lactose ____ Glucose + galactose

Answer 17

Lactase

Question 18

Glycoproteins are used for ____.

Answer 18

cell-to-cell recognition

Question 19

___ are used for cell-to-cell recognition.

They are important in recognition of tissues/organs and autoimmune disorders.

Answer 19

Glycoproteins

Question 20

____ ____ block molecules from getting between cells.

Answer 20

Tight junctions

Question 21

____ prevent tissues and organs from sustaining mechanical damage

Answer 21

Desmosomes

Question 22

___ ___ are connecting channels made of connexons.

They allow for exchange of ions and communication.

Answer 22

Gap junctions

Question 23

______ is the limiting factor of crossing the membrane.

Answer 23

Permeability

Nonpolar items can cross the membrane without help.

Polar items need help (proteins) to cross the membrane.

Question 24

The degree to which a membrane can be penetrated by a substance.

Answer 24

Permeability

Question 25

The cell membrane is ____ permeable.

Answer 25

selectively

Question 26

The tendency for molecules to spread out

Answer 26

Diffusion

Question 27

Molecules move from an area of greater to lesser concentration until equally distributed.

Answer 27

The Law of Diffusion

Question 28

During diffusion, there is continual movement ___ from a concentrated source.

Answer 28

away

Question 29

Is ATP needed to move these molecules? O2, CO2, lipid soluble vitamins

Answer 29

No ATP needed. These are lipid soluble molecules.

Question 30

Is ATP needed to move these molecules? NA+Cl-, glucose

Answer 30

ATP or channel proteins are need to move these.

Question 31

Use of protein carriers or channels to transport molecules.

Answer 31

Facilitated diffusion

Question 32

Which is faster: simple or facilitated diffusion?

Answer 32

facilitated diffusion

Question 33

Define cysteinuria

Answer 33

Lack of cysteine carriers

Question 34

What is the result of cysteinuria?

Answer 34

kidney stones

Question 35

Net movement of H2O molecules from region of greater to lesser concentration.

Answer 35

Osmosis

Question 36

What is the term for water attracting ability?

Answer 36

Osmotic pressure

Question 37

Same concentration of particles (solutes) as cell fluid.

Answer 37

Isotonicity

Question 38

What is the proper solution concentration for IV saline fluid?

Answer 38

0.9% NaCl

Question 39

Greater concentration of solutes outside of the cell than inside Where will the water go?

Answer 39

Hypertonicity Water moves out of the cell (cell crenation/shrinks)

Question 40

Greater concentration of solutes on the inside than the outside. Where will the water go?

Answer 40

Hypotonicity Water moves into the cell (cell hemolysis/swells then bursts)

Question 41

____ transport requires ATP

Answer 41

Active

Question 42

What is the goal of active transport?

Answer 42

To move things from low to high concentration. Moving items against a concentration gradient.

Question 43

What is an important example of active transport?

Answer 43

Na+/K+/ATPase Pump

Question 44

What is net movement of ions in the Na/K pump?

Answer 44

2 K into the cell. 3 Na out of the cell.

Question 45

What is the function of the Na/K pump?

Answer 45

Uphold electrochemical gradient and membrane potential.

Question 46

Define bulk transport. Does bulk transport require ATP?

Answer 46

Movement of large molecules or quantities across cell membrane. Bulk transport requires ATP

Question 47

Endocytosis

Answer 47

Bulk transport into the cell.

Question 48

Cell eating

Answer 48

Phagocytosis Ex: macrophages (WBC)

Question 49

Cell drinking

Answer 49

Pinocytosis Ex: nonspecific absorption of fluids and H2O

Question 50

____ ____ endocytosis is very (nonspecific/specific) and requires (few/many) receptors to be activated.

Answer 50

Receptor mediated specific many

Question 51

Coated pits are groups of ___ ___. The coating process uses the protein ____. Cell membrane protein receptors ___ to signal molecule. The coated vesicle then ___.

Answer 51

receptor sites clathrin bind detaches

Question 52

___ is essential to making steroids, and usually low in concentration inside the cell.

Answer 52

Cholesterol

Question 53

Define hypercholesterolemia. What is the result of hypercholesterolemia?

Answer 53

Lack of cholesterol receptors in cell membrane. Low to no cholesterol uptake. Cholesterol stays in blood leading to high cholesterol levels (regardless of diet).