chapter 3 (part 2)

Question 1

Bulk transport out of the cell.

Answer 1

Exocytosis

Question 2

Exocytosis happens via secretion from the ___ ___.

Answer 2

golgi apparatus

Question 3

Listed below are examples of ___.

Neurotransmitters being released from neurons

Secretion of insulin

Answer 3

exocytosis

Question 4

___ is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm including important ions and molecules.

Answer 4

Cytosol

Question 5

___ are little organs with separate metabolic functions.

Answer 5

Oragnelles

Question 6

What are the four characteristics of the nucleus?

Answer 6

Bilayered nuclear envelope

Nuclear pores

Chromatin

Nucleolus

Question 7

What is the function of the nuclear pores?

Answer 7

Regulate passage of mRNA and other molecules

Nuclear pores are a form of protein channels and are selectively permeable.

Question 8

What is chromatin?

Answer 8

Noncondensed chromosomes

DNA and histone proteins

Question 9

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 9

The site of ribosome synthesis

Question 10

The nucleus is the control center for cell ___.

Answer 10

metabolism

Question 11

___ are dense, granular structures and made of rRNA.

Answer 11

Ribosomes

Question 12

___ ribosomes are usually poly ribosomes.

Answer 12

Free

Question 13

What do free ribosomes make?

Answer 13

Proteins for to use for its home cell.

ex: enzymes

Question 14

___ ribosomes are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 14

Attached

Question 15

What do attached ribosomes make?

Answer 15

Proteins to be exported and used by other cells.

ex: insulin hormone

Question 16

Name the organelle these functions describe:

Transport system
Tubular canals
Continuous with the nuclear envelope
Branches through the cytoplasm

Answer 16

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 17

The ____ has no ribosomes and its function is dependent on the location and tissue type.

Answer 17

Smooth ER

Question 18

SER in the testes and ovaries make ___.

Answer 18

steroids

ex: testosterone and estrogen

Question 19

SER in hepatocytes make ____.

Answer 19

liver enzymes to detox blood

Question 20

SER in myocytes store ___.

Answer 20

Ca2+ for muscle contraction

Question 21

The RER accepts ___ and transports them to the ___ ___ .

Answer 21

proteins

golgi apparatus

Question 22

What must be present on a ribosome to attach to the RER?

Answer 22

A specific 20 amino acid signal sequence.

Question 23

The ribosome is guided to the correct RER site by a ___.

Answer 23

signal recognition particle

Question 24

As the protein is synthesized on the attached ribosome it is (held/released) in the RER, then (transported/remains) as a (protein/transport vesicle)

Answer 24

released

transported

transport vesicle

Question 25

Name the organelle: Flattened membrane sacs Cis and trans face

Answer 25

Golgi Apparatus

Question 26

Organelle function is to package and distrubute

Answer 26

Golgi Apparatus

Question 27

The ___ face of the golgi receives substances.

Answer 27

cis ## Footnote Received substances can be **modified** by cleaving amino acids or adding carbohydrate chains Face closest to the nuclear envelope.

Question 28

The ___ face of the golgi packages vesicles that are ready for exocytosis.

Answer 28

trans ## Footnote This is the face closest to the cell mambrane

Question 29

Lysosomes are formed by ___ ___.

Answer 29

golgi apparatus

Question 30

Lysosomes contain ___ ___.

Answer 30

hydrolytic enzymes

Question 31

The process of recycling organic material back into monomers.

Answer 31

Autophagy ## Footnote ex: webbed hands into separate fingers (lysosomes responsible)

Question 32

Site of cellular respiration

Answer 32

Mitochondria ## Footnote carbs, fats, protein + O2 = CO2 + H2O + ATP (energy)

Question 33

Mitochondria is ___. Meaning it has its own DNA, can make its own proteins, and divides on its own.

Answer 33

semiautonomous

Question 34

Name the 3 important structural features of mitochondria.

Answer 34

Double membrane (both bilayers) Intermembrane space (no cytoplasmic enzymes) Matrix: interior with cristae (shelves) for ETC

Question 35

Name the organelle: Thin proteins radiate from nucleus to plasma membrane Microtubules/microfilaments/intermediate filaments Network for cell shape/movement

Answer 35

Cytoskeleton ## Footnote Some cytoskeletal elements are considered attachment protiens.

Question 36

Myocyte contraction using actin and myosin is made possible because of the ____.

Answer 36

cytoskeleton

Question 37

Centrosomes are clusters of ___. They generate spindles used in ___ ___.

Answer 37

centrioles cell division

Question 38

Cilia are (long/short). Cilia come in (many/few) amounts Name the function of cilia.

Answer 38

short many To filter and increase surface area

Question 39

Flagella are (long/short) Flagella come in (many/few) What is the function of flagella?

Answer 39

Long few (usually just one) Moment and propulsion ## Footnote ex: sperm

Question 40

Microvilli are used for ___ ___ ___ and absorption.

Answer 40

increased surface area ## Footnote ex: kidney tubules

Question 41

___ ___ is the process by which DNA is transcribed to RNA and then translated to protein.

Answer 41

Protein synthesis

Question 42

The sequence of nucleotides which generate unique polypeptides.

Answer 42

Gene

Question 43

___ are triplet codes.

Answer 43

Codons

Question 44

___ is the formation of mRNA from DNA.

Answer 44

Transcription

Question 45

mRNA travels from the ___ to the ribosome.

Answer 45

nucleus

Question 46

___ is polypeptide construction at the ribosome (includes rRNA).

Answer 46

Translation

Question 47

____ brings amino acids to complement mRNA.

Answer 47

tRNA

Question 48

Name the four DNA bases

Answer 48

A/T G/C