chapter 2 (part 2)

Question 1

What is the function of buffers?

Answer 1

To minimize change in pH.

Question 2

Buffers are ___.

Answer 2

reversible

Absorb H+ when the H+ levels are too high (acidic).

Release H+ when the H+ levels are too low (basic).

Question 3

What is the proper pH of the blood?

Answer 3

7.4

Question 4

The bicarbonate buffer system is maintained by the ___ and the ___.

Answer 4

kidneys, lungs

Question 5

___ + H+ = CO2 + H2O

Answer 5

HCO3-

Question 6

HCO3- + H+ = ___ + H2O

Answer 6

CO2

Question 7

When the pH is too low, the ___ help by making CO2 and H2O.

Answer 7

lungs

Question 8

When the pH is too high, the ___ help by making HCO3- and H+.

Answer 8

kidneys

Question 9

___ are units, small molecules.

Answer 9

monomers

Question 10

___ are made from monomers using dehydration synthesis.

Answer 10

Polymers

H2O is formed

Question 11

Breaking down polymers using water.

Answer 11

Hydrolysis

Question 12

Carbohydrate monomer

Answer 12

monosaccharide

Question 13

5 carbon sugar

Answer 13

pentose
example: ribose

ribose is found in RNA

Question 14

6 carbon sugar

Answer 14

hexose

ex: glucose, primary energy source

Question 15

Covalent bond between sugars

Answer 15

Glycosidic bond

Question 16

Glucose + fructose =

Answer 16

Sucrose

Question 17

Name the enzyme needed for this reaction:
sucrose = Glucose + fructose

Answer 17

Sucrase

Question 18

Glucose + Glucose =

Answer 18

Maltose

Beer

Question 19

Name the enzyme needed for this reaction:
Maltose= Glucose + Glucose

Answer 19

Maltase

Question 20

Galactose + Glucose =

Answer 20

Lactose

Milk

Question 21

Name the enzyme needed for this reaction:
Lactose = Galactose + Glucose

Answer 21

Lactase

Question 22

Polysaccharides are used for ___.

Answer 22

storage

Question 23

__ is the glucose storage form in plants.

Answer 23

Starch

Question 24

___ is the glucose storage form in animals.

Answer 24

Glycogen

Question 25

Glycogen is found in these two main sites.

Answer 25

hepatocytes (liver cells) myocytes (muscle cells)

Question 26

___ is the polysaccharide found in plant cell walls.

Answer 26

Cellulose

Question 27

Why can't we digest cellulose?

Answer 27

Don't have necessary enzyme Different glycosidic bond pattern ## Footnote Ruminants with specific bacteria can digest cellulose.

Question 28

Lipids are also known as ___. ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 28

fats

Question 29

Triglyceride bonding pattern. ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 29

3 ester bonds between fatty acids and glycerol

Question 30

___ are the most abundant lipids in the body. ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 30

Triglycerides

Question 31

___ are made of excess dietary carbs, proteins, fats, and oils. ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 31

Triglycerides

Question 32

___ are stored in the adipose tissue. ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 32

Triglycerides

Question 33

glycerol + 3 fatty acids = ___ + ___. ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 33

triglyceride 3 H2O

Question 34

A 3 carbon alcohol | ` ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 34

glycerol

Question 35

___ means there are no double bonds in a fatty acid chain. ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 35

Saturated

Question 36

What is an example of a saturated fatty acid? ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 36

Palmitic acid found in bacon grease. ## Footnote Soild at room temperature

Question 37

___ means there are double bonds found in a fatty acid chain. ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 37

Unsaturated

Question 38

What is an example of unsaturated fatty acids? ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 38

Oleic acid found in olive oil. ## Footnote Liquid at room temperature

Question 39

What is an example of a polyunsaturated fatty acid? ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 39

Linoleic acid found in sunflower and corn oil.

Question 40

Why does atherosclerosis happen? ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 40

Build up of saturated fats and cholesterol on walls of blood vessels.

Question 41

What is the distinguishing factor of a phospholipid? ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 41

They have a PO4 group in place of ONE of the fatty acids.

Question 42

___ have a cholesterol backbone. ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 42

Steroids

Question 43

Many _ function as hormones. ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 43

steroids

Question 44

Name 5 steriods ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 44

Testosterone Estrogen Progesterone Alsosterone Cortisol

Question 45

Why can steroids enter the cell directly? ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 45

They are **extremely** nonpolar.

Question 46

Fragments of fatty acids that function as signal molecules for body responses. ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 46

Eicosanoids

Question 47

___ are derived from the cell membrane. ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 47

Eicosanoids

Question 48

What are 2 examples of eicosanoids? ## Footnote Lipids

Answer 48

Prostaglandins (pyrogenic) and leukotrienes (allergies) ## Footnote Pyrogenic: fever