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Physiology of Behavior > Chapter 2, part 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 2, part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a dendritic spine?

A

A small protrusion on the surface of the dendrite with which a terminal button of another neuron forms a synapse.

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2
Q

What is the name of a small protrusion that is on the surface of a dendrite and with which a terminal button of another neuron forms a synapse?

A

Dendritic spine.

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3
Q

What is a presynaptic membrane?

A

The membrane of a terminal button that lies adjacent to the post synaptic membrane and through which the NT is released.

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4
Q

What is a membrane of a terminal button that lies adjacent to the post synaptic membrane and is where an NT is released?

A

Pre synaptic membrane

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5
Q

The pre synaptic and post synaptic membranes of terminal buttons face each other over what space?

A

The synaptic cleft

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6
Q

A meshwork of what structures keeps the pre and post synaptic membranes in alignment?

A

Filaments

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7
Q

What is a synaptic vesicle?

A

A small beadlike structure found in terminal buttons that contain molecules of a neurotransmitter.

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8
Q

What is the name of the small beadlike structure that can be found in terminal buttons and contains molecules of NT’s?

A

Synaptic vesicles

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9
Q

______ proteins fill vesicles with the NTs and ______ proteins are involved in the release of NT/recycling of vesicles.

A

Transport, trafficking.

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10
Q

What is the name of the region from which the NT is released?

A

The release zone.

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11
Q

Which type of synaptic vesicle can be made either in the Golgi apparatus or from recycled material in the terminal button?

A

Small synaptic vesicles.

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12
Q

Which type of synaptic vesicle can only be made in the soma of the neuron?

A

Large synaptic vesicles.

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13
Q

What are specialized protein molecules that detect the presence of NTs in the synaptic cleft?

A

Receptors.

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14
Q

What happens in all of the terminal buttons when an AP is conducted down an axon?

A

Small synaptic vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane and spill their contents into the synaptic cleft.

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15
Q

What is accomplished when clusters of protein molecules attach to another protein molecule located in the pre synaptic membrane?

A

Docking.

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16
Q

Which of the three pools of vesicles has vesicles docked against the inside of the presynaptic membrane, available to be released when an AP arrives?

A

Release-ready vesicles.

17
Q

Which of the pools of vesicles has 10 to 15% of vesicles, whom have already released contents before or whose membranes will fuse with the pre synaptic membrane?

A

Recycling vesicles.

18
Q

Which pool of vesicles makes up 85 to 90% of vesicles and will send vesicles to dock depending on the axon’s rate of firing?

A

Reserve vesicle pool.

19
Q

What are opened as a result of NT molecules diffusing across the synaptic cleft and attaching to postsynaptic receptors?

A

Neurotransmitter-dependent ion channels.

20
Q

What are the names of the two receptors that reflect direct and indirect means of NTs opening ion channels?

A

Ionotropic receptor and metabotropic receptor.

21
Q

The process of and the result of stimulating this chemical are similar to the ways that hormones work.

A

Second messenger.

22
Q

What is a G protein?

A

A protein paired with a metabotropic receptor. It sends messages to other molecules when an NT binds with and activates the receptor.

23
Q

What is paired with a metabotropic receptor and sends messages to alert to an NT binding with and activating the receptor?

A

G protein.

24
Q

What is the most important source of excitatory postsynaptic potentials?

A

NT-dependent sodium channel

25
Q

Describe reuptake.

A

The reentry of a NT just liberated by a terminal button back through its membrane, thus terminating the post synaptic potential.

26
Q

Describe enzymatic deactivation.

A

The destruction of a NT by an enzyme after its release. For example, the destruction of ACH by ACHesterase.

27
Q

Describe neural integration.

A

The process by which inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials summate and control the rate of firing of a neuron.

28
Q

Define autoreceptor.

A

A receptor molecule located on a neuron that responds to the NT released by that neuron.

29
Q

In most cases, are the effects of autoreceptor activation excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Inhibitory.

30
Q

Presynaptic inhibition and facilitation are actions of the terminal button in which type of synapse?

A

Axoaxonic synapse.

31
Q

Which presynaptic terminal action increases NT released and which decreases NT released?

A

Presynaptic facilitation increases NT release and presynaptic inhibition decreases NT release.

32
Q

What is a special junction between cells that permits direct communication by means of electrical coupling?

A

Gap junction

33
Q

What is a naturally secreted substance that acts like a NT except that it is not restricted to the synaptic cleft but diffuses through the extracellular fluid?

A

Neuromodulator

34
Q

What is a chain of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds, which make up most neuromodulators and some hormones?

A

Peptides.

35
Q

What is a hormone?

A

A chemical substance that is released by an endocrine gland that has effects on target cells in other organs.

36
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

A glad that liberates its secretions into the extracellular fluid around capillaries and hence into the bloodstream.

37
Q

What is a target cell?

A

A type of cell that is directly affected by a hormone or other chemical agent.

38
Q

What is a chemical of low molecular weight that is derived from cholesterol?

A

Steroid

Physiology of Behavior (5 decks)

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