Chapter 2: The Atom

Question 1

Electrons orbit [d] around the nucleus.

Answer 1

three-dimensionally

Question 2

[x] occurs when one atom gives up an electron and becomes positively charged and another atom takes on that electron, acquiring a negative charge. [y] occurs two atoms share electrons that then orbit both nuclei, completing the outermost shell of each.

Answer 2

ionic bond; covalent bond

Question 3

In [x] it is the difference in charge that bonds the two atoms together.

Answer 3

an ionic bond

Question 4

The electron cloud has a radius [c] times greater than the nucleus

Answer 4

10,000

Question 5

one proton is about [r] more massive than an electron

Answer 5

1,800 times

Question 5

Elements [t] of substances that compose matter

Answer 5

are the simplest forms

Question 6

Elements are arranged in the Periodic Table of the Elements in order of [q] atomic number.

Answer 6

increasing

Question 7

Two or more atoms bonded together:

Answer 7

molecule

Question 8

a combination of elements bonded together:

Answer 8

compound

Question 9

elements whose atoms have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Answer 9

isotope

Question 10

elements whose atoms have the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons.

Answer 10

isotone

Question 11

elements whose atoms have a different number of protons but the same total number of protons and neutrons (atomic mass number).

Answer 11

isobar

Question 12

elements whose atoms have the same number of protons and neutrons but with different amounts of energy within their nuclei; vary in the amount of energy within the nuclei because of differences in how the protons and neutrons are arranged.

Answer 12

isomer

Question 13

located in the nucleus; have a positive charge

Answer 13

proton

Question 14

located in the nucleus have no charge

Answer 14

neutron

Question 15

located in the orbital shells; have a negative charge

Answer 15

electron

Question 16

Which shell has the least amount of electron binding energy? K, L, M ,or N

Answer 16

N

Question 17

Which particle has no charge?

Answer 17

Neutron

Question 18

Which electron shell is closest to the nucleus? K, L, M, or N

Answer 18

K

Question 19

What kind of energy represents the strength of attachment between the orbiting electrons and the nucleus?

Answer 19

electron binding energies

Question 20

What is the difference between an electron in the K shell and an electron in the M shell?

Answer 20

their binding energy

Question 21

The electron-binding energy depends on:

Answer 21

How close the electron is to the nucleus and
How many protons are in the atom

Question 22

What is the dense center of the atom called?

Answer 22

Nucleus

Question 23

If a stable atom contains 28 protons, the atom will have ____ electrons.

Answer 23

28

Question 24

How many electrons will the N shell (it is the 4th shell out of 7) have?

Answer 24

32

Question 25

An atom with more electrons than protons will have what charge?

Answer 25

Negative

Question 26

All of the following fundamental particles are located in the nucleus except:

Answer 26

Electrons

Question 27

An atom with an electric charge is referred to as a/an:

Answer 27

ion

Question 28

T/F: Virtually all the mass of an atom resides in its nucleus.

Answer 28

True