Exam 2

Question 1

X-rays were discovered by:

Answer 1

Roentgen

Question 2

The first ever x-ray was of:

Answer 2

A hand

Question 3

Which factors if changed, change x-ray quantity?
(1) mAs
(2) kVp

Answer 3

1 and 2

Question 4

Which factors affect x-ray quality?
(1) kVp
(2) mAs

Answer 4

1. kVp

Question 5

At a higher kilovoltage (kVp) the percentage of photoelectric interactions:
-Decreases
-Increases
-Does not change

Answer 5

Decreases

Question 6

Which of the following tissue interactions is responsible for patient dose of ionizing radiation?

Answer 6

Photoelectric

Question 7

Interaction between a projectile electron and the nucleus of the target atom

Answer 7

Bremsstrahlung interaction

Question 8

Interaction between a projectile electron and an inner shell electron

Answer 8

Characteristic interaction

Question 9

X-rays photons are produced at any projectile electron energy creating a continuous emission spectrum.

Answer 9

Bremsstrahlung interaction

Question 10

Interaction creates a discrete emission spectrum.

Answer 10

Characteristic interaction

Question 11

Requires at least 70 kVp.

Answer 11

Characteristic interaction

Question 12

In the diagnostic range, most X-ray are created from the _____.

Answer 12

Bremsstrahlung interaction

Question 13

the energy of the primary beam (quality or quantity)

Answer 13

x-ray quality

Question 14

the number of X-rays in the primary beam (quality or quantity)

Answer 14

x-ray quantity

Question 15

T/F: interactions in the x-ray tube that produce x-rays occur at the atomic level, and the nature of the x-ray photon produced depends on how an electron interacts with an atom

Answer 15

True

Question 16

T/F: interactions between the x-ray photons and the human body occur at the atomic level, determining both the radiation dose delivered and how the body part will be imaged

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T/F: x-ray photons interact at the atomic level of the image receptor to generate the manifest image.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

The shift of the characteristic x-ray spectrum to higher energy occurs because of [x] in kVp.

Answer 18

an increase

Question 19

The probability of the incident photon having a Compton scattering interaction is influenced principally by:
-the atomic number of the tissue
-energy of the incident photon
-both the atomic number of the tissue and the energy of the incident photon.

Answer 19

The energy of the incident photon

Question 20

The photoelectric effect is principally associated with the [absorption/ scattering] of an x-ray photon.

Answer 20

Absorption

Question 21

The percentage of Compton interaction [x] with increasing energy (higher kVp) of the incident x-ray photon.

Answer 21

Increases

Question 22

The Compton interaction involves outer shell electrons due to their [x] binding energy.

Answer 22

Low

Question 23

In reference to target interactions, only kVp settings of [x] or greater will produce K characteristic photons

Answer 23

70

Question 24

Increasing kVp [z] x-ray beam quality.

Answer 24

Increases

Question 25

In the characteristic interaction, a [a] interacts with an anode atom.

Answer 25

Filament electron

Question 26

In order to remove an inner shell orbital electron, the filament electron must have kinetic energy [x] than the binding energy of the electron with which it interacts

Answer 26

greater

Question 27

Changes in kVp have a/an [direct/indirect] effect on beam quality and penetrability.

Answer 27

Direct

Question 28

Beam [z] refers to the energy level or penetrability of the x-ray beam.

Answer 28

Quality

Question 29

After Compton scattering, the scattered x-ray has [less/more] energy than it had before the interaction.

Answer 29

less

Question 30

The photoelectric interaction is an interaction with [o].

Answer 30

an inner-shell electron

Question 31

T/F: A change in mA changes the number of electrons flowing from the cathode to the anode.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

T/F: A change in mA changes the kinetic energy of electrons flowing from cathode to anode.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

X-ray transmission decreases, which also means that the x-ray beam becomes [more/less] penetrating

Answer 33

Less

Question 34

a decrease of intensity of the x-ray beam

Answer 34

Attenuation

Question 35

varies the size of the radiation field

Answer 35

collimator

Question 36

stops a moving part in a specific location

Answer 36

Detent

Question 37

Unseen image

Answer 37

latent image

Question 38

Seen image

Answer 38

manifest image

Question 39

surrounds x-ray tube, lead lined

Answer 39

tube housing

Question 40

source of x-rays

Answer 40

x-ray tube

Question 41

direction and location of radiation; predictable and controllable

Answer 41

Primary radiation

Question 42

Radiation difficult to control

Answer 42

scatter radiation

Question 43

pattern creates the x-ray image

Answer 43

exit radiation

Question 44

squared area of the x-ray beam that strikes the patient

Answer 44

radiation field

Question 45

beam that is unattenuated

Answer 45

primary

Question 46

what remains of the beam after it has been attenuated

Answer 46

remnant

Question 47

travels in all directions from the patient

Answer 47

scatter

Question 48

area of radiation protection (where does the technologist go to make the exposure?)

Answer 48

Control booth

Question 49

Anatomic structures that do not readily transmit x-rays are called [z].

Answer 49

Radiopaque

Question 50

Anatomic structures that readily transmit x-rays have a [x] atomic number.

Answer 50

low

Question 51

Decreasing tissue atomic number [x] beam attenuation.

Answer 51

Increases

Question 52

Increasing kVp [z] transmission.

Answer 52

Increases

Question 53

Differential absorption is the difference between those x-rays that are absorbed and those that are [z].

Answer 53

Transmitted

Question 54

[z] refers to x-rays leaving the patient that did not interact with atoms as it passed through the patient.

Answer 54

Transmission

Question 55

What is the source of energy that results in characteristic photons?

Answer 55

Potential energy of the electron filling the vacancy

Question 56

The attenuation of x-rays occurs:

Answer 56

Exponentially

Question 57

As kVp increase, the 1. wavelength is shorter 2. wavelength is longer 3. more of the beam is in the higher energy range (in regards to the primary beam spectrum)

Answer 57

1 and 3

Question 58

An x-ray beam is heterogeneous, this means

Answer 58

the beam consists of different energy levels