Exam 1

Question 1

T/F: Tungsten is used in both the anode and the cathode

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What are some of the reasons for the use of tungsten in the design of the x-ray tube?

Answer 2

-High atomic number
-Good thermal conductivity

Question 3

Which of the following help to increase heat capacity of an x-ray tube?
-small actual focal spot
-rotating anode
-large actual focal spot
-small the target angle

Answer 3

-rotating anode
-large actual focal spot

Question 4

Flow of electrons

Answer 4

actual focal spot

Question 5

contains the target

Answer 5

anode

Question 6

flow of photons

Answer 6

effective focal spot

Question 7

equal intensity in all directions

Answer 7

isotropically

Question 8

concept that although x-ray photons exist as waves, they exhibit properties of particles

Answer 8

wave particle duality

Question 9

consists of protons and neutrons

Answer 9

nucleus

Question 10

distance between the peaks of waves

Answer 10

wavelength

Question 11

energy that passes from one location to another

Answer 11

radiation

Question 12

smallest amount of any type of electromagnetic radiation

Answer 12

photon

Question 13

a neutral atom that gains or loses an electron

Answer 13

ion

Question 14

building blocks of all matter

Answer 14

atoms

Question 15

circle the nucleus in orbits called shells

Answer 15

electrons

Question 16

electromagnetic radiation produced in the nucleus of radioactive atoms

Answer 16

gamma rays

Question 17

electromagnetic radiation that is able to remove an electron from an atom

Answer 17

ionizing radiation

Question 18

equals the number of protons in the nucleus; determines the chemical element

Answer 18

atomic number

Question 19

force that holds electrons in orbit around the nucleus

Answer 19

binding energy

Question 20

inner most electron shell

Answer 20

K-shell

Question 21

number of protons plus number of neutrons; represented by the letter A

Answer 21

atomic mass

Question 22

number of wavelengths passing a given point per unit time

Answer 22

frequency

Question 23

a single unit of electromagnetic radiation

Answer 23

photon

Question 24

distance from one peak to another peak

Answer 24

wavelength

Question 25

A constant value for all electromagnetic radiation

Answer 25

velocity

Question 26

number of valleys that pass per second

Answer 26

frequency

Question 27

X-ray's behave like particles and move as photons. This is known as the:

Answer 27

wave-particle duality

Question 28

Electrons carry a negative charge and repel one another. They form a cloud around the filament called the:

Answer 28

space charge

Question 29

X-rays with greater energy have a shorter ______ and are more penetrating.

Answer 29

wavelength

Question 30

which wave characteristic refers to the height of a wave

Answer 30

amplitude

Question 31

which term is used to denote the decreased x-ray intensity at the anode end of the x-ray tube?

Answer 31

Heel effect

Question 32

which term defines the emission of x-rays with equal intensity in all directions?

Answer 32

isotropically

Question 33

Which of the following on the electromagnetic spectrum have the ability to ionize matter? (1) Infrared (2) Radiofrequencies (3) X-rays (4) Gamma rays

Answer 33

3 and 4

Question 34

what describes an atom that has lost one or more of its electrons?

Answer 34

ion

Question 35

which of the following are considered to be basic properties of x-rays? 1. highly penetrating; invisible 2. has no mass 3. travels at the speed of sound 4. does not has the ability to interact with an atom

Answer 35

1 and 2

Question 36

which is part of the cathode? -Stator -Target -Filament -Window

Answer 36

Filament

Question 37

Which end of the electromagnetic spectrum is more likely to exhibit more of the characteristics of waves?

Answer 37

Low end

Question 38

what is the velocity of electromagnetic radiation?

Answer 38

speed of light

Question 39

what is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the P shell?

Answer 39

72

Question 40

What is the force that keep electrons in orbit?

Answer 40

Binding energy

Question 41

What are the two principal classes of ionizing radiation?

Answer 41

electromagnetic and particulate

Question 42

Are wavelengths inversely or directly proportional to frequency?

Answer 42

inversely

Question 43

Is wavelength a characteristic of waves or particles?

Answer 43

Waves

Question 44

Tungsten is the principle material used in the formation of the -target of a rotating anode -target of a stationary anode -x-ray tube filament -all of the above

Answer 44

all of the above

Question 45

the negative side of an x-ray tube is commonly called the:

Answer 45

filament/cathode

Question 46

The heating of the filament in a x-ray tube results in the liberation of electrons by a process termed:

Answer 46

thermionic emission

Question 47

the purpose of the glass enclosure around the x-ray tube:

Answer 47

maintains a vacuum

Question 48

The anode angle is used to reduce the effective focal spot size in relation to the actual focal spot size. This is called the:

Answer 48

line focus principle

Question 49

The _________ is the portion of the x-ray tube that contains the filament.

Answer 49

cathode

Question 50

surrounding the x-ray tube and lined with lead is the:

Answer 50

tube housing

Question 51

narrowing the thermionic cloud as it is driven toward the anode is the purpose of the:

Answer 51

focusing cup

Question 52

in a sine wave, the distance from one peak to another is called the:

Answer 52

wavelength

Question 53

If a wavelength increases, what happens to its frequency?

Answer 53

it decreases

Question 54

If an atom has more negative charges than positive charges it is said to be a:

Answer 54

negative ion

Question 55

If an atom had six protons and five electrons, what would its net charge be?

Answer 55

Positive

Question 56

Free electrons for x-ray production come from the:

Answer 56

filament

Question 57

Electromagnetic radiation varies in terms of its: (1) Wavelength (2) Frequency (3) Velocity (speed)

Answer 57

1 and 2

Question 58

Electromagnetic energy includes what types of disturbances in space? (1) Electric (2) Magnetic (3) Mechanical

Answer 58

1 and 2

Question 59

All of the following are true about the electron except: -It has one unit of negative charge. -It is free to travel from one atoms outermost shell to another. -It is fixed inside the atoms nucleus unable to move. -It exists as the smallest unit of charge.

Answer 59

It is fixed inside the atoms nucleus unable to move.

Question 60

the electrons that are traveling from the cathode to the target are called:

Answer 60

projectile/incident electrons

Question 61

An X-ray tube __________ releases electrons when it is heated. When the current through the __________ is sufficiently high, the outer-shell electrons of the __________ atoms are “boiled off” and ejected from the __________. This is also known as thermionic emission.

Answer 61

Filament

Question 62

Because of the angled anode target, the radiation intensity is greater on the cathode side of the x-ray field than the anode side. What is this called?

Answer 62

Anode heel affect

Question 63

what focuses the flow of electrons from the Cathode to the Anode target?

Answer 63

focusing cup

Question 64

Why is the glass enclosure made of Pyrex glass?

Answer 64

to withstand high temperatures

Question 65

What are x-rays called that escape through the protective housing?

Answer 65

Leakage radiation