Chapter 20

Question 1

vessels are composed of 3 layers called

Answer 1

tunics

Question 2

name the 3 tunics

Answer 2

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa

Question 3

lumen

Answer 3

space inside each vessel

Question 4

the endothelium of tunica intima is

Answer 4

simple squamous epithelium

Question 5

in which layer of tunica are the smooth muscle cells with elastic fibers?

Answer 5

tunica media

Question 6

function of tunica externa

Answer 6

protection

Question 7

tunica media is thicker in

Answer 7

arteries

Question 8

tunica externa is thicker in

Answer 8

veins

Question 9

which vessel have valves?
artery or vein

Answer 9

vein

Question 10

the lumen is narrowed in
arteries or veins

Answer 10

arteries

Question 11

which vessel has less elastic and collagen fibers?

Answer 11

veins

Question 12

what happen if the lumen diameter of an artery decrease?

Answer 12

elastic and collagen fibers decrease
smooth muscle cells increase

Question 13

types of arteries

Answer 13

elastic or conducting
muscular
arterioles

Question 14

e.g of elastic arteries

Answer 14

aorta, pulmonary trunk, common carotid, common iliac

Question 15

muscular arteries distribute blood to _____ body regions

Answer 15

specific

Question 16

muscular arteries allows more:

Answer 16

vasoconstriction and vasodilatation

Question 17

name the two elastic layers in muscular arteries

Answer 17

internal elastic layer
external elastic layer

Question 18

e.g. of muscular arteries

Answer 18

brachial artery, coronary arteries

Question 19

types of capillaries

Answer 19

continuous
fenestrated
sinusoid

Question 20

continuous capillaries have ______ allowing small particles to pass through

Answer 20

intercellular clefts

Question 21

where are the continuous capillaries found?

Answer 21

muscle, skin, lungs, CNS

Question 22

fenestrated capillaries have ______ allowing the movements of smaller plasma proteins

Answer 22

fenestrations (pores)

Question 23

where are the fenestrated capillaries found?

Answer 23

intestine
kidney

Question 24

capillary beds are bed by

Answer 24

metarteriole

Question 25

distal part of a metarteriole

Answer 25

thoroughfare channel

Question 26

vasomotion

Answer 26

cycle of contracting and relaxing of precapillary sphincters

Question 27

pathways of blood vessels

Answer 27

simple alternative: arterial anastomosis venous anastomosis arteriovenous anastomosis portal system

Question 28

sequence of portal system pathway

Answer 28

artery capillary bed portal vein capillary bed vein

Question 29

blood flow is fastest in _____ arteries

Answer 29

elastic

Question 30

bulk flow

Answer 30

fluid flow down gradient pressure

Question 31

filtration

Answer 31

fluid OUT of blood occurs in arterial end

Question 32

reabsorption

Answer 32

fluid back into blood occurs in venous end

Question 33

chemical that alter blood flow

Answer 33

vasoactive chemicals

Question 34

vasodilators

Answer 34

dilate arterioles relax sphincters increase flow into capillary beds

Question 35

vasoconstrictors

Answer 35

constrict arterioles contraction of sphincters decrease flow into capillary beds

Question 36

blood pressure

Answer 36

force against the vessel wall

Question 37

blood pressure in higher in _____ and lower in ______

Answer 37

arteries, veins

Question 38

systolic pressure

Answer 38

pressure when the ventricle contracts 120 mmHg

Question 39

diastolic pressure

Answer 39

pressure when the ventricle relax 80mmHg

Question 40

pulse

Answer 40

same as heartbeat

Question 41

formula for pulse pressure

Answer 41

systolic - diastolic pressure

Question 42

men arterial presssure formula

Answer 42

systolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

Question 43

venous return depends on

Answer 43

skeletal muscle pump respiratory pump

Question 44

resistance is affected by

Answer 44

viscosity lumen length lumen size

Question 45

blood pressure depends on

Answer 45

cardiac output resistance blood volume

Question 46

two parts of cardiovascular center

Answer 46

cardio center vasomotor center

Question 47

cardiac center

Answer 47

influences blood pressure by the cardiac output

Question 48

vasomotor center

Answer 48

influences blood pressure by vessel diameter (resistance) origin of sympathetic pathways

Question 49

cardioacceleratoy

Answer 49

increases cardiac output and blood pressure

Question 50

cardioinhibitory

Answer 50

decreases cardiac output and blood pressure

Question 51

baroreceptors

Answer 51

receptors for blood pressure

Question 52

chemoreceptors reflexes stimules

Answer 52

high CO2 low pH low O2 high blood pressure

Question 53

location of chemoreceptors

Answer 53

aortic arch uses via vagus nerve carotid bodies uses via glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 54

angiotensin II _____ blood pressure increases or decreases

Answer 54

increases

Question 55

where is inactive angiotensinogen made?

Answer 55

liver

Question 56

renin is released by the

Answer 56

kidney in response to low blood pressure

Question 57

renin converts ______ to _____

Answer 57

angiotensinogen, angiotensin I

Question 58

Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by

Answer 58

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) located in the lungs

Question 59

how does angiotensin II raise blood pressure?

Answer 59

vasoconstriction stimulates thirst center decreases urine formation stimulation of release of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

Question 60

function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Answer 60

decreases blood pressure vasodilation increases urine output

Question 61

internal thoracic artery becomes

Answer 61

superior epigastric artery

Question 62

internal jugular vein becomes

Answer 62

brachiocephalic vein

Question 63

hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins are in the _____ side

Answer 63

right

Question 64

azygos are in the _____ side

Answer 64

left

Question 65

celiac trunk branches into

Answer 65

left gastric artery splenic artery common hepatic artery: hepatic artery proper, gastroduodenal artery

Question 66

great saphenous vein originates in _____ ankle and drains into _____ vein

Answer 66

medial, femoral

Question 67

small saphenous vein originates in _____ ankle and drains into the _____ vein

Answer 67

lateral, plopiteal

Question 68

Exchange processes that occur in capillaries include ______

Answer 68

diffusion bulk flow vesicular transport

Question 69

The arteries that supply the mammary gland and anterior thoracic wall are the

Answer 69

internal thoracic arteries

Question 70

The bronchial arteries that supply the bronchi, bronchioles, and connective tissue of the lungs emerge as tiny branches from the anterior wall of the ______.

Answer 70

descending thoracic aorta

Question 71

The left and right bronchial veins drain into the ______.

Answer 71

azygos venous system

Question 72

Which paired arterial branches emerge from the sides of the descending abdominal aorta?

Answer 72

middle suprarenal arteries gonadal arteries renal arteries

Question 73

In general, as an artery’s diameter decreases, the artery walls show

Answer 73

+ smooth muscle - elastic fibers

Question 74

Blood velocity is measured in _________ and is generally _________ related to total cross-sectional area of blood vessels.

Answer 74

cm/s inversely