Chapter 20

Question 1

Define what is meant by the term Gladstonian Liberalism ?

Answer 1

The ideology which comes by the synonymous with the liberal party highly influenced by Gladstone and personal believes such as support for free trade, administrative efficiency in goverment, retrenchment and individual self-expression.

Question 2

What was the significance about the composition of Gladstone cabinet ?

Answer 2

• it reflects the diverse composition of liberal party, contained three liberal, peelites and two radicals
• reflects the fluidity of the party

Question 3

How had Gladstone administration been remembered ?

Answer 3

One of the most energetic and profolic administration of the 19th century

Question 4

What was peace, retrenchment and reform ?

Answer 4

Less war, less goverment spending, economic reform

Question 5

What was the disestablishment of the church of Ireland act in 1869 ?

Answer 5

-The act would abolish the Anglican Church of Ireland as it was a catholic country

Question 6

Success and failure of the disestablishment of the church of Ireland act in 1869 ?

Answer 6

-saw Irish disestablishment as a first step towards their ultimate goal
- liberal in general also saw the act as removing an obvious Irish grievance
- however many Whigs viewed this attack on the Irish establishment with deep suspicion

Question 7

What was Gladstone slogan for his Irish reform ?

Answer 7

Justice for Ireland

Question 8

What was the universities bill of 1873 ?

Answer 8

-disestablished catholic universities and create secular universities

Question 9

Success/failure of the universities bill of 1873?

Answer 9

• upset both conservative whig and left of centre radicals
• goverment defeat of bill led to Gladstone resign temporarily from office

Question 10

What was the public school act of 1868 ?

Answer 10

subsequently regulated and reformed the seven boarding schools investigated by Clarendon, and in summary established and granted autonomy to new governing bodies for the seven schools

Question 11

What was the Endowed School Act 1869?

Answer 11

Which aimed to improve secondary education by appointing three commissioners to revise the trust deeds of school such as Manchester Grammar school

Question 12

What was the University test act 1871 ?

Answer 12

The act allowed non-anglicans to take up teaching posts at the universities of Oxford,Cambridge and Durham. It also allowed non-anglicans to qualify for scholarship and fellowships at these universities

Question 13

What was the Elementary Education Act 1870 ?

Answer 13

This act laid foundations of the English elementary education now school no longer were run by the Church of England but received some financial assistance from the state
-The Act allowed school boards to rule that children aged between five and 13 should attend school. It did not make all education free or compulsory but did order, for the first time, that a school be placed in reach of every child.

Question 14

What was the war office act 1870 ?

Answer 14

This divided the war office intro three departments to improve efficiency

Question 15

What was the army enlistment act 1870 and army enlistment act of 1871 ?

Answer 15

-1870=Permitted a three year enlistment in the army in addition to the normal 12 years
-1871=increased the size of the army from 200,000 to 497,000

Question 16

What was cardwells army reform 1871?

Answer 16

-Was the abolition of the purchase of commission seen as an attack on privilege
-in future promotions within the office class was to be based on merit only
This proposal met such fierce opposition in the House of Lords that it was introduced by royal warrant not act of parliament in 1871

Question 17

What was the civil service act 1870 ?

Answer 17

• a promotion on mertitocracy
• all public post within the home civil service open to competitor thought examination
• bought in candidates with intellectual and ability to improve professionalism and efficiency at a minimal cost of goverment

Question 18

What was the licensing act of 1872 ?

Answer 18

• this gave justice of the peace the right to grant licenses to public and to fix opening and closing hours and to check on the adulteration of beer.
• the act disappointed two liberal pressure groups who felt it was to lenient and upset the brewing interest and the drinking masses

Question 19

What was the trade union act 1871 ?

Answer 19

Gave trade union the legal protection they wanted

Question 20

What was the criminal law amendment act 1871?

Answer 20

Aimed to prevent violence and declare that trade unionist could be charged for intimidation illegal
- this caused great resentment among trade unionist

Question 21

Who would benefit most from gladsotnian liberal reforms in his first ministry ?

Answer 21

Mostly working class with the increase in intervention with education and meritocracy taking over highly landed dominated place such as civil service and army

Question 22

Can you see a pattern emerging within these reforms ?

Answer 22

-Reforms were more geared to the less fortunate
- appealing to other aspect of social grievances and women rights

Question 23

What was the married women property act 1870

Answer 23

Gave married women legal statues and allowed a women to keep proportion of her own earnings

Question 24

What specific failures of Gladstone reform affected the 1874 election ?

Answer 24

-Although his administration had been successful many of his reform upsets a considerable number of it own supporters
- the national education league was upset with the fosters education act
- many disappointed with the licensing act and other for the repeal of the criminal law amendments act
- landowners were also upset about the possible impact of the Irish land act on property rights and persuade tenants to vote conservative.

Question 25

What was the position of the Conservative Party in 1868 ?

Answer 25

Set up Conservative Party at national scale and increasing support of constitutional institution such as the Church of England plus set a new brand of Conservative Party known as Tory democracy

Question 26

What is Tory democracy ?

Answer 26

Tory democracy is the emphasis of mainting support of establishment institution while passing a moderate extent of social reform to revive Conservative Party

Question 27

What was the factory act 1874?

Answer 27

Failed to meet the demands of the nine hour movement but did reduce the hour workers were forced to do in a day to 10 hours, allowing for a half day on Saturday

Question 28

What was the factory and workshop act 1878 ?

Answer 28

Brought both factories and work shops under general government inspection

Question 29

What was the artisan dwelling act 1875 ?

Answer 29

It allowed local authorities to impose the compulsory purchase of slums deemed unhealthy and to oversee their replacement with planned housing. This was financed by goverment loans at low interest

Question 30

What liberal act is related to one of Disraeli’s housing reform ?

Answer 30

The Torres act of 1868 passed by liberal would have covered similar ground if it had not been blocked by the House of Lords

Question 31

Why was the artisan dwelling act a long term failure ?

Answer 31

-Act was so hedge expensive to implement that it was little used - in 1879 cross had to introduce an amending act to deal with the burden of excessive compensation cost and even then the legislation proved largely ineffective

Question 32

What did the public health act 1875 established ?

Answer 32

-Borought all previous legislation dealing with the subject under one act -established a system of power and check on sewage and draining, public lavatories and cellar dwellings

Question 33

What did the sale of food and drug act 1875 established ?

Answer 33

Laid down the regulation about the adulteration of food - however it failed to compel local authorities to appoint analysts to assess adulteration

Question 34

What did the river pollution act 1875 established ?

Answer 34

Failed to offer an adequate definition of pollution or ways of punishing polluters once there were identified

Question 35

What did the conspiracy and protection of property act 1875 established ?

Answer 35

an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom relating to labour relations, which together with the Employers and Workmen Act 1875, fully decriminalised the work of trade unions.

Question 36

What did the employers and workmen act 1875 established ?

Answer 36

This act recognised the relationship of employer and employee in a mature capitalist economy Employer can under civil law and if found guilty were liable to a fine whereas workmen could be tired under criminal law where if found guilty could face both fine and imprisionement

Question 37

What did the lord sandons eduction act 1876 established ?

Answer 37

Increased pressure on working class parents to send their children to school by setting up school attendance committees.

Question 38

How have Disraeli’s social reforms been viewed ?

Answer 38

Social reforms have been viewed as successful to a certain extent because in 6 years Disraeli did what the liberal party couldn’t in 50 years. However it was more successful in paper that in reality as most lacked effiency

Question 39

Much of disrepair legislation was permissive, what does this mean ?

Answer 39

Limited perhaps only done because Disraeli wants to enchanced his reputation since he really didn’t have a clear cohesive plan / programme and focused much more in getting into power

Question 40

What was the second reform act 1867 ? Passed by Disraeli

Answer 40

- increased the total number number of voter from 1.2 million to approximately 2.5 million many of the new voters were industrial workers in urban areas -reduced property threshold to counties and gave the vote to agricultural landowners and tenats with very few pieces of land

Question 41

What was the success and limitations of the second reform act 1867 ?

Answer 41

Success: - franchise extented Limitation: - no women could vote and also poorest, generally unskilled, uneducated still couldn’t vote - boroughs were still underrepresented

Question 42

What was the secret ballot act 1872 ?

Answer 42

Led to elections begin voted by secrect ballot moving British people closer to a democratic state

Question 43

What were the success and limitations of the secrect ballot act 1872?

Answer 43

Success: - it was a further step towards democracy and although it reduced intimidation of voter by poll Limitations : - it failed to stamp out corruption

Question 44

What was the corrupt practices act of 1833 ?

Answer 44

Closed the loopholes that had allowed corruption to continue virtally - set a separate limit for candidate election expenses and clarified what campaign money could be spent on - introduced penalties for everyone breaking the law

Question 45

What were the success and limitation to the corrupt and practice act 1883 ?

Answer 45

Success: - mean the politicians now had to win support by promoting better polices - corruption no longer a problem to politics

Question 46

What was thee third reform act 1884? Passed by Gladstone

Answer 46

-removed discrimination over voting it was no longer tied to property - a uniform franchise between counties and boroughs now existed - agricultural labours and miners in rural areas were brought into the voting system -the electorate as a result double the size to 6 million out of the total population of 35 million - the act enfranchised some members of the working class and of reduced the influence of the landed classes in government

Question 47

What was the redistribution act of 1885 ?

Answer 47

- borought an end to over-representation of the rural areas and under-representation of the industrial towns and cities - most constituencies were now single member and equally sized in terms of population - fair representation in Britain -introduced a recognisably modern system of electoral representation

Question 48

What was the mudellas act 1880 ?

Answer 48

School attendance became compulsory for children aged from 5 to 10

Question 49

What was the employers liability act 1880 ?

Answer 49

It enables workers to seek compensation for injuries resulting from the negligence of a few employee

Question 50

Why is Britain still not totally a fully democratic state ?

Answer 50

- House of Lords still have a huge amount of power and number wasn’t severely reduced till 1911 - Payment of MP was still not a thing till 1911 -women didn’t gain a vote till 1918