Chapter 20 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Taxonomy
Classifying organisms to construct shared classic action system with each organism places in increasingly more inclusive groupings
Taxonomy Ordsr
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Subspecies
Taxon
The name at the level
Ex. Carnivora name at Order Level
Binomial Nomenclature
Two word scientific name
Genus + Species epithet
Systematics
Field that scientists use to organize/classify organisms
Sister Taxa
Two lineages stem from same branch point
Polytomy
Branch with 2+ linages
Root
Single ancestral lineage
Basal Taxon
Lineage that evolved early from root that remains unbranched
Phylogeny
Evolutionary history and relationship of organism/ group of organisms
Homology
features that overlap both morphological and genetically
Ex Wing in Bird and Bats
Analogy
Similar characteristics occur due to environmental constraints
NOT CLOSE RELATION
Ex. Wing in Bees and Bats
Gene homologies
similarity in genes suggest common ancestor
Horizontal Gene Transfer
Introduction of genetic material from one species to another by mechanism other than VGT
The 3 Types of HGT
Transduction
Conjugation
Transformation
Transduction
Virus transfers dna
Conjugation
Plus transfers DNa between organisms
Transformation
Bacteria takes up naked DNA from a dead bacteria
HGT in Eukaryotes
Much rarer
Complex genetic systems
Transpososn transfer genes between rice and millet plant species
Endosymbiosis Theory
HGT is most likely responsible for appearance of mitochondria found in Eukaryotes
The 3 Moles for Evolution
(HINT: Mito)
- Nucleus First
- Mitochondria First
- Eukaryotes
- Prokaryotes evolved from eukaryote
Web of Life
Some individual prokaryote transfers bacteria caused mitochondrial development to new eukaryotes
Where others transferred bacteria that gave rise to chloroplasts
Ring of Life
Alternative Phylogenetic Proposal
All 3 Domains evolved from pool of prokaryotes by swapping genes via HGT
suggests on how some eukaryote genes resemble bacteria
