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Anatomy Ashley > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Three categories of blood vessels

A

Arteries veins capillaries

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2
Q

Arteries

A

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart Efferent

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3
Q

Veins

A

Vessels that carry blood back to the heart afferent

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4
Q

Capillaries

A

Thin walled vessels that connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins

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5
Q

Interna tunica

A

Deep endothelium simple Squamous selectively permeable barrier to materials entering or leaving direct contact endothelium

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6
Q

Tunica media

A

Middle smooth muscle collagen prevents blood pressure from rupturing strengthens vessels

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7
Q

Tunica externa

A

Superficial loose connective tissue provides passage for small nerves vasa vasorum

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8
Q

Endothelium

A

Simple Squamous epithelium in the Tunica interna

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9
Q

Vasa vasorum

A

Small vessels that nourish at least the outer half of the wall of the larger vessel

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10
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Narrowing of a vessel

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11
Q

Vasodilation

A

Widening of a vessel

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12
Q

Vasoreflexes

A

What vasoconstriction and vasodilation are collectively called

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13
Q

Elastic conducting

A

Biggest artery aorta common carotid subclavian arteries three layers expand it during ventricular systole recoil diastole

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14
Q

Distributing muscular

A

Smaller branches that distribute blood to specific organs brachial femoral renal splenic up to 40 layers of smooth muscle

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15
Q

Resistance arteries

A

Too variable and number and location 25 layers of smooth muscle thicker Tunica media

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16
Q

Arterioles

A

Smallest of arteries 1-3 layers of smooth muscle very little tunica externa major point of control over how much blood an organ or tissue receives

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17
Q

Metarterioles

A

Short vessels provide shortcuts through blood can bypass the capillaries and flow directly to a venule

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18
Q

Carotid sinuses

A

Wall of the internal carotid artery he monitors blood pressure adjust blood pressure

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19
Q

Carotid bodies

A

Branch of common carotid adjusts changes in blood composition adjust breathing to stabilize the blood

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20
Q

Aortic bodies

A

Aortic arch monitors changes in blood composition adjust breathing to stabilize the blood

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21
Q

Continuous capillary

A

Found in skeletal muscle endothelial cells held together by tight junctions for small solutes pass-through cleft

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22
Q

Fenestrated capillaries

A

Found in the kidney endocrine gland small intestines. Passage of small molecules organs for absorption and Filtration

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23
Q

Sinusoid capillary

A

Irregular blood-filled spaces where proteins can pass through and blood cells found in the liver bone marrow and spleen

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24
Q

Basal lamina

A

Thin protein carbohydrate layer surrounds the endothelium and separates it from the adjacent connective tissue’s

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25
Q

Pericyte

A

Cells that lie external to the endothelium elongated tendrils that wrap around the capillary contact and regulate blood flow through the capillaries

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26
Q

Post capillary venules vein classification

A

Smallest receives blood from capillaries or channels tunica interna with a few fibroblasts no muscle surrounded by pericyte

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27
Q

Muscular venules vein classification

A

Receives blood from the post capillary venules Tunica media of one or two layers of smooth muscle

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28
Q

How do veins differ from arteries

A

Veins have valves and a greater capacity for blood containment then arteries do

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29
Q

Perfusion

A

Flow per given volume or mass of tissue

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30
Q

Peripheral resistance

A

The opposition to the flow that the blood encounters and vessels away from the heart

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31
Q

Relationship between flow pressure gradient and resistance

A

Greater the pressure difference the greater the flow

The greater the resistance the less the flow

Pressure depends on how much resistance blood encounters

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32
Q

Pressure affecting flow

A

Greater pressure the greater the flow

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33
Q

Resistance affect flow

A

Greater the resistance the less the flow

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34
Q

Blood radius verse peripheral resistance

A

When vessel dilates average flow may be faster

When vessel constricts more of the blood is close to the wall and average flow is slower

35
Q

Vessel length affect peripheral resistance

A

Pressure and flow decline with distance

The farther a liquid travels the more cumulative friction it encounters

36
Q

Blood pressure

A

The force that the blood exerts against a vessel wall

37
Q

Systolic pressure

A

Peak arterial blood pressure attained during ventricular contraction

38
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

Minimum arterial blood pressure occurring during the ventricular relaxation between heart beats

39
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

40
Q

Syncope

A

Fainting

41
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries

42
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

The growth of lipid deposits in the arterial walls

43
Q

Hypertension

A

Chronic resting blood pressure higher than 140/90

44
Q

Hypotension

A

Chronic low resting blood pressure consequence of blood loss dehydration anemia

45
Q

Autoregulation

A

Ability of tissues to regulate their own blood supply

46
Q

Reactive hypermia

A

Blood increases above the normal level of low

47
Q

Angiogenesis

A

The growth of new blood vessels

48
Q

Baroreflex

A

Detects Changes in blood pressure

49
Q

Chemoreflex

A

Detects Blood chemistry

50
Q

Vasometer center

A

Medulla oblongata exert sympathetic control over blood vessels throughout the body

51
Q

Angiotensin

A

Increases blood pressure block enzyme

52
Q

Aldosterone

A

Increases blood pressure salt retaining hormone

53
Q

Natriuretic peptide

A

Decreases blood pressure increased sodium excretion by kidneys

54
Q

Adh

A

Increases blood pressure promotes water retention

55
Q

Epinephrine

A

Increases blood pressure stimulates Vasoconstriction

56
Q

Vasoreflexes

A

Raising or lowering blood pressure throughout the body modifying

57
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Raises overall blood pressure

58
Q

Vasodilation

A

Lowers blood pressure throughout the system

59
Q

Capillary exchange

A

To way movement of fluid

60
Q

Chemicals given off by capillary

A

Oxygen glucose and other nutrients antibodies and hormones

61
Q

Diffusion

A

Glucose and oxygen out of blood carbon and other waste into blood

62
Q

Transcytosis

A

Pick up material on one side of the plasma membrane transport across cell and discharge material on other side by exocytosis

63
Q

Filtration

A

Fluid filters out of arterial end of capillary delivers materials to cells and removes metabolic waste

64
Q

Reabsorption

A

Osmotic pressure overrides filtration pressure

65
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Physical force by a liquid against a surface

66
Q

Edema

A

Accumulation of excess fluid in a tissue

Swelling of face ankles fingers abdomen

67
Q

Venous return

A

Pressure gradient

Gravity

Skeletal muscle pump

Thoracic pump

Cardiac suction

68
Q

Venus pooling

A

When blood accumulates in the limbs because venous pressure is not high enough

69
Q

Circulatory shock

A

State in which cardiac output is insufficient to meet the bodies metabolic needs

70
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

In adequate pumping by the heart

71
Q

Low venous return

A

Cardiac output is low because too little blood is returning to heart

72
Q

Venus pooling shock

A

When the body has a normal total blood volume but too much of it accumulates in the lower body

73
Q

Obstructed venous return shock

A

When any object such as a growing tumor compresses a vein and impedes its blood flow

74
Q

Anaphylactic

A

Results from exposure to something someone is allergic to release of histamine

75
Q

Compensated shock

A

Homeostatic mechanisms bring out recovery

76
Q

Uncompensated shock

A

Poor cardiac output results weaken heart reduce output

77
Q

Transient ischemic attack

A

A moment to a few hours temporary dizziness loss of vision weakness paralysis and a headache

78
Q

Cerebrovascular accident or stroke

A

Sudden death of brain tissue caused by ischemia Linus paralysis loss of sensation loss of speech

79
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

Muscular contraction compresses the blood vessels and impedes blood flow

80
Q

Brain

A

Bloodflow constant because oxygen deprivation can cause irreversible damage regulates own blood flow

81
Q

Lungs

A

Pulmonary circuit is the only route in which arteries carry oxygen poor blood in the veins carry oxygen rich blood

82
Q

Function of pulmonary circulation

A

Exchange CO2 for 02

83
Q

Systemic circulation function

A

Supplies oxygen and nutrients to all organs and removes their metabolic wastes

Anatomy Ashley (9 decks)

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