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Anatomy Ashley > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What is a conducting division

A

Passages for airflow from nostrils through bronchioles

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2
Q

What is a respiratory division

A

Alveoli and other gas exchange regions of distal airway

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3
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A

Nose through larynx organs in the head and neck

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4
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea through the lungs

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5
Q

What is the function of the nose

A

Warms cleanses humidifies inhaled air

Detects odors

Resonating chamber that amplifies the voice

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6
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Passes only air

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7
Q

Oropharynx and Laryngopharyx

A

Passes air food and drink swallowing and speech

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8
Q

Function of Larynx

A

Keep food and drink out of the airway and sound production

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9
Q

Function of the trachea

A

Wind pipe contract or relax to adjust airflow

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10
Q

Function of the bronchioles

A

Continuation of the airways black supportive cartilage ciliated cuboidal epithelium

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11
Q

What is terminal bronchioles

A

Final branches of the conducting division cilia to control mucus

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12
Q

What is respiratory bronchioles

A

Beginning of respiratory because alveoli participate in gas exchange

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13
Q

Conducting division pathway of air into the lungs

A

Pharynx trachea main bronchus lobar bronchus segmental bronchus bronchial terminal bronchioles

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14
Q

Respiratory division pathway of air into the lungs

A

Respiratory bronchial Alveolar duct atrium

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15
Q

Function of the respiratory membrane

A

Air blood barriers composed of alveolar our and capillary walls

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16
Q

Alveolar walls

A

Type one: permits gas exchange by simple diffusion and secrete angiotensin converting enzyme

Type two: alveolar cells secrete sulfactant which prevents alveoli from sticking

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17
Q

Alveoli

A

Elastic fibers

Allow air pressure throughout the lung to be equalized

House macrophages that keep Alveolar surfaces sterile

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18
Q

Reduction of friction

A

Plural fluid act as a lubricant that enables the lungs to expand and contract with minimal friction

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19
Q

Creation of pressure gradient

A

Expands lungs when one inhales

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20
Q

Compartmentalization

A

Prevents infections of one organ spreading to other organs in the thoracic cavity

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21
Q

Pleurae

A

Serous membrane on surface of lungs

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22
Q

Pleural fluid

A

Potential space

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23
Q

Boyles law

A

Pressure of Gas is proportional to volume at constant temperature

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24
Q

Atmospheric pressure

Study These Flashcards
A

Exerted by the air surrounding the body

25
Intrapleural pressure
Pressure with in the plural cavity
26
Intrapulmonary pressure
Pressure within the alveoli
27
Inspiration
Diaphragm contracts lung volume increases intrapulmonary pressure decreases atmospheric pressure greater than intrapulmonary pressure air flows into the lungs
28
Quiet expiration
Diaphragm contracts lung volume decreases intrapulmonary pressure increases atmospheric pressure lower than intrapulmonary pressure air flows out of the lungs
29
Valsalva maneuver
Aids in childbirth urination defecation and vomiting Contracting abdomen muscles to raise pressure and push contents out
30
Bronchodilation
Increase in diameter bronchus or bronchial
31
Broncoconstriction
Reduction in diameter
32
Compliance
The ease in which the lungs expand change and lung volume due to pressure change
33
Surface tension
The attraction of liquid molecules
34
Henry's law
The amount of gas that dissolves in water is determined by solubility in water and partial pressure in air
35
Composition of atmospheric and alveolar gases
Alveolar air is humidified by contact with mucous membranes higher than inhaled air Alveolar air exchanges O2 and CO2 with blood
36
Thickness of pulmonary membrane
Little obstacle to diffusion blood buildup capillary diffusion
37
Pressure gradient
Oxygen diffuses from air into blood and oxygen dilution occurs mixing up oxygen rich pulmonary blood with oxygen poor systemic blood
38
Solubility of gas
Carbon dioxide is about 20 times as soluable as oxygen oxygen twice as soluable as nitrogen
39
Ventilation perfusion coupling
Adjusting ventilation so that air is directed to the best perfused part of the lungs
40
Two Ways 02 is carried in the blood
Bound to hemoglobin in the RBCs Dissolved in the blood plasma
41
Ambient PO2 with loading and unloading
Active tissue consumes oxygen rapidly PO2 remains low HBO2 releases more oxygen
42
Temperature with loading and unloading
Elevated temperature promotes oxygen unloading active tissue extracts more oxygen from blood flowing through
43
Bohr effect on loading and unloading
Hydrogen ions weaken the bond between hemoglobin and oxygen promoting oxygen unloading
44
BPG on loading and unloading
Binds to hemoglobin and promotes oxygen unloading elevated temp stimulates BPG synthesis hormones promote oxygen unloading
45
Three ways CO2 is transported in the blood
Carbonic acid carb amino compounds and dissolved gas
46
Carbonic anhydrase with co2 transport
Enzyme that speeds up reaction in the RBCs
47
VRG ventral respiratory group
Primary generator of the respiratory rhythm
48
PRG pontine respiratory group
Modifies the rhythm of the VR G
49
Apnea
Temporary cessation of breathing one or more skipped breath
50
Dyspnea
Labored gasping breathing shortness of breath
51
Hyperpnea
Increase rate and depth of breathing in response to exercise pain
52
Hyperventilation
Increased pulmonary ventilation anxiety lowering blood CO2 concentration and raising blood pH
53
Hypo ventilation
Reduce her pulmonary ventilation increase in CO2 concentration
54
Alkalosis
PH greater than 7.45
55
Acidosis
Blood pH lower than 7.35
56
Hypocapnia
PCO2 less than 37 mmhg most common cause of alkalosis
57
Hypercapnia
Most common cause of acidosis PCO2 greater than 43 mmhg
58
4 receptors that provide information to respiratory centers
Hydrogen ions Carbon dioxide Oxygen Respiration and exercise

Anatomy Ashley (9 decks)

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