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Anatomy Ashley > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

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1
Q

Three functions of the lymphatic system

A

Fluid recovery immunity lipid absorption

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2
Q

Length

A

The recovered fluid

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3
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

Transport the lymph

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4
Q

Lymphatic tissue

A

Composed of aggregates of lymphocytes and macrophages that populate many organs of the body

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5
Q

Lymphatic organ

A

Cells are especially concentrated set off from surrounding organs by connective tissue capsules

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6
Q

What percentage of fluid filtered in the capillary bed gets reabsorbed

A

85%

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7
Q

What happens to the fluid that is not reabsorbed at the venule end of the capillary bed

A

Reabsorb excess and return it to the blood fluid continually filters from blood capillaries into the tissue spaces

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8
Q

Where will this fluid be returned

A

Blood

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9
Q

Which vessels are primarily endothelium

A

Lymphatic capillaries

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10
Q

What is the function of the valves

A

Bacteria are phagocytized and immune cells monitor the fluid for foreign antigens

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11
Q

What part of the body does the right lymphatic duct drain what does the right lymphatic duct empty into?

A

Receives from The right arm and right side of the thorax and head

Empties into right subclavian vein

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12
Q

What part of the body do the cisterna Chyli and thoracic duct drain what does the thoracic duct empty into

A

Drains all of the body below the diaphragm

the left upper limb and the left side of the head neck and thorax empties into the subclavian vein

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13
Q

How does lymphatic flow differ from venous return

A

Lymphatic system has no pump like the heart and lymph Lowe’s at even lower pressure and speed then venous blood

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14
Q

Six processes that aid the flow of lymph

A

Rhythmic contractions valves of lymphatic vessels skeletal muscle arterial Pulsation thoracic pump collecting ducts

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15
Q

Natural killer cells

A

Large lymphocytes that attack and destroy bacteria transplanted tissues and cells that have become infected

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16
Q

T lymphocytes

A

Lymphocytes that mature in the thymus

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17
Q

B lymphocytes

A

Lymphocytes that turn into plasma cells that secrete antibodies mature in bone marrow

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18
Q

Macrophages

A

Very large phagocytotic cells of the connective tissue’s develop from monocytes

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19
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Branched mobile APCs found in the epidermis mucous membranes am in lymphatic organs

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20
Q

Lymphatic tissue

A

Lymphocytes in the connective tissue of mucous membranes and organs

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21
Q

Diffuse lymphatic tissue

A

The lymphocytes are scattered rather than densely clustered

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22
Q

Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue

A

Body passages open to the exterior

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23
Q

Lymphatic nodules follicles

A

Lymphocytes and macrophages congregate in dense masses which come and go as pathogen’s invade the tissues

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24
Q

Peyers patches

A

Lymphatic nodules abundant clusters are formed

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25
Difference between primary lymphatic organs and secondary lymphatic organs
Red bone marrow and thymus where BNT lymphatic organs primary become immunocompetent recognize and respond to antigens secondary lymphocytes migrate to these organs only after they mature in the primary
26
Primary lymphatic organs
Red bone marrow and thymus
27
Secondary lymphatic organs
Lymph nodes tonsil spleen
28
Two functions of lymph nodes
To cleanse the lymph Act as a site of T and b cell activation
29
How does lymph filter through the node
Flows from different lymphatic vessels into the subcapsular sinus percolates slowly through the sinuses of the cortex and medulla and leaves node through lymphatic vessels that emerge from the helium
30
Areas of the body where lymph nodes are concentrated
Cervical axillary thoracic abdominal intestinal mesenteric inguinal popliteal
31
Red bone marrow
Important supplier of lymphocytes to the Immune system
32
Thymus
Houses developing lymphocytes and secretes hormones that regulate their later activity
33
Spleen
Largest lymphatic organ allows red blood cells to leave the bloodstream erythrocyte graveyard
34
Pharyngeal
Tonsil found in the wall of the pharynx behind nasal cavity
35
Palatine
Tonsil found on Posterior margin of the oral cavity
36
Lingual
Tonsil found on patches on each side of the root of the tongue
37
Pathogens
Viruses bacteria fungi another microbes that cause diseases
38
First line of defense
External barriers skin and mucous membranes
39
Second line of defense
Leukocytes macrophages natural killer cells inflammation fever
40
Third line of defense
Immune system defeats pathogens but leaves with memory enabling one to defeat so quickly
41
Nonspecific defenses
Defend equally against a broad range
42
Specific immunity
Body must develop a separate immunity to each pathogen
43
Nonspecific defenses
Protective proteins Keratin Protective sells neutrophils and macrophages Protective processes fever and inflammation
44
Mast cells
Type of connective tissue cell similar to basophils
45
Interferons
Proteins secreted when certain cells are infected with viruses
46
Complement system
Globulins that contribute to resistance and adaptive immunity
47
Hyperemia
Increasing blood flow beyond normal
48
Bradykinin
Pain from | Nerves
49
Platelet derived growth factor
Agent that stimulates fibroblast to multiply and synthesize collagen
50
Cellular immunity
Employs lymphocytes that directly attack and destroy foreign cells
51
Humoral immunity
Employs antibodies do not directly destroy a pathogen
52
Natural active immunity
Production of an antibody as a result of natural exposure to an antigen
53
Artificial active immunity
Vaccination against disease
54
Natural passive immunity
Temporary that results from acquiring antibodies produced by another person
55
Artificial passive immunity
Injection of an immune serum obtained from another person
56
Antigens
Molecule that trigger an immune response some are venoms toxins
57
Where are both T cells and B cells produced
Lymph nodes spleen bone marrow mucous membranes
58
Where do T cells develop
Thymus
59
Where do T and B cells go once their immunocompetent
Lymphatic tissues and organs bone marrow lymph nodes tonsils
60
Cytotoxic T cell
Carry out the attack on foreign cells
61
Helper T cells
Hugh moral immunity and nonspecific resistance
62
Regulatory T cells
Inhibit multiplication and cytokine secretion by other T cells prevents auto immune disease
63
Memory T cells
Memory in cellular immunity
64
Twocells involved in the attack phase
Helper cell attract neutrophils and it natural killer cells attractive macrophages stimulate T and B mitosis Cytotoxic cell Delivers lethal hit of chemicals to destroy disease to sell and go searching for enemy
65
Main function of plasma cells
Secrete antibodies that travel throughout the body in the blood and other body fluids
66
Neutralization
Antibody's mask active regions
67
Complement fixation
Inflammation immune clearance
68
Agglutination
Immobilizes microbes and antigen molecules
69
Precipitation
Complexes removed by immune clearance or phagocytized by Eosinophils
70
Primary response
Exposed to antigen for the first time
71
Secondary response
Response is rapid no illness results
72
Autoimmune disease
Fails to distinguish self antigens from foreign ones attack bodies own tissues
73
Immunodeficiency disease
Group of disorders scarcity or absence of both T and B cells

Anatomy Ashley (9 decks)

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