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Developmental Psychology Psyc215 > CHAPTER 20: Adulthood (Biosocial Development) > Flashcards

CHAPTER 20: Adulthood (Biosocial Development) Flashcards

1
Q

Jim is in his 60s and has started experiencing a gradual decline in his physical health. This is referred to as _____.

A. terminal drop
B. senescence
C. developmental bidirectionally
D. geriatric plasticity

A

B. senescence

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT a cause of severe brain loss before age 65?

A. drug abuse
B. poor circulation
C. viruses
D. poor digestion

A

D. poor digestion

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3
Q

In what area of the brain does neurogenesis take place across the life span?

A. amygdala
B. hippocampus
C. cerebellum
D. thalamus

A

B. hippocampus

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4
Q

Which of the following is NOT a sign of skin senescence ?

A. loss of firmness
B. age spots
C. imperfections
D. redness

A

D. redness

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5
Q

Some _____ distinct brain areas as well as at least _____ aspects of the eye combine to allow sight.

A. 8;6
B. 12;8
C. 20; 10
D. 30; 12

A

D. 30; 12

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6
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

A. It reduces hot flashes.
B. It increases the risk of breast cancer.
C. It reduces the risk of heart disease.
D. It decreases osteoporosis.

A

C. It reduces the risk of heart disease.

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7
Q

According to The World health Organization, what is “the single largest preventable cause of death and chronic disease in the world today”?

A. alcohol
B. nonmedical drugs
C. tobacco
D. opium

A

C. tobacco

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8
Q

Which of the following will most likely trigger type 2 diabetes?

A. unhappy family life
B. stress at work
C. being overweight
D. diet with insufficient protein

A

C. being overweight

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9
Q

Overall, who has a longer lifespan?

A. men
B. women
C. depends of the SES
D. depends on the nation to which an individual belongs

A

A. women

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10
Q

_____ refers to how physically, intellectually, and socially healthy and energetic an individual feels.

A. Morbidity
B. Vitality
C. Disability
D. Mortality

A

B. Vitality

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11
Q

Loretta has been diagnosed with presbycusis. To compensate for this condition, she should probably consider _____.

A. getting a hearing aid
B. getting corrective eyeglasses
C. using a cane or a wheelchair
D. starting a water aerobics class

A

A. getting a hearing aid

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12
Q

Selena and Rick have been married for 40 years. Based on what is known about sexuality with age, which of the following is probably true?

A. Rick has a stronger sex drive than Selena.
B. Both are very unsatisfied with their sexual relationship.
C. They have good sexual communication and are thus sexually satisfied.
D. They are more sexually active than when they were younger.

A

C. They have good sexual communication and are thus sexually satisfied.

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13
Q

Anna is going through menopause; production of which hormone will drop during this change?

A. estrogen
B. thyroxin
C. oxytocin
D. prolactin

A

A. estrogen

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14
Q

Lauren only has a little time to exercise each week. Which of the following would you recommend to her?
A. Focus on exercising Type I muscles used in routine movement.
B. Exercise matters little; she should diet instead.
C. Focussolelyonweighttraining.
D. Focus on exercising Type II muscles used in forceful action.

A

D. Focus on exercising Type II muscles used in forceful action.

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15
Q

Susan has difficulty in performing many of the normal activities of daily life that have been caused by physical, mental, and emotional conditions; this is _____.

A. vitality
B. a disability
C. morbidity
D. mortality

A

B. a disability

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16
Q

one of the most encouraging principles of the life span perspective is when human traits can be molded during development is called:

A) durability
B) flexibility
C) plasticity
D) continity

A

C) plasticity

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17
Q

loretta has presbycusis. to compensate for this condition, she should probably consider:

A) getting a hearing aid
B) getting corrective eyeglasses
C) using a cane or a wheelchair
D) starting a water aerobics class

A

A) getting a hearing aid

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18
Q

what part of the brain has to do with planning and impulsivity?

A) hippocampus
B) pre-frontal cortex
C) limbic system
D) parietal lobes

A

B) pre-frontal cortex

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19
Q 
When are psychiatric disorders most likely to appear?
A) 3 years
B) 16-18 years
C) 65+ years
D) 19-26 years
A

D) 19-26 years

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20
Q

when might grief move from normal to abnormal or be called complicated grief?

A) when a person is in denial a week after someones death
B) when someone is crying daily after 2 years after a loved ones death
C) when they are tired and lonely after loosing a spouse 6 months ago
D) when they visit their loved ones grave on holidays years after a loss

A

B) when someone is crying daily after 2 years after a loved ones death

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21
Q

concerning end of life care, palliative care means?

A) everything will be done for the person to help him get better
B) the same thing as hospice
C) is the legal term for living will
D) provides relief from physical pain

A

D) provides relief from physical pain

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22
Q

the network of nerves that connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain and helps to coordinate functions that involved both sides of the brain is referred to as:

A) myelin
B) corpus callosum
C) cortex
D) hemispheric coordination

A

B) corpus callosum

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23
Q

one of the behavioral expressions of developed prefrontal cortex is:

A) having a temper tantrum
B) playing with the same toy for hours
C) thinking about others reactions
D) jumping from task to task

A

C) thinking about others reactions

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24
Q

centration and preoperational thought are important terms offered by:

A) vygotsky
B) skinner
C) paiget
D) kohlberg

A

C) paiget

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25
Q

During middle childhood, Piaget labeled the cognitive process that is logical as:

A. Concrete operational
B. Abstract
C. Preoperational
D. Post formal

A

A. Concrete operational

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26
Q

What age does a child experience a conflict of autonomy vs. shame and doubt?

A. 6 months
B. 9 months
C. 2 years
D. 5 years

A

C. 2 years

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27
Q

At about what age does a child develop object permanence, so they look for an object that falls?

A. 8 months
B. 12 months
C. 18 months
D. 20 months

A

A. 8 months

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28
Q

What age would Erikson say a person experiences developmental crisis called industry vs. inferiority?

A. teenage years
B. 3-5 years
C. 6-11 years
D. 19-26 years

A

C. 6-11 years

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29
Q

What age would Erikson say a person experiences developmental crisis called identity vs. role confusion?

A. teenage years
B. 65 years and older
C. 3-6 years
D. middle aged adults

A

A. teenage years

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30
Q

What kind of parenting style has been identified as supporting family function in the most positive way for the growth and development of the children in a family?

A. permissive
B. neglectful of indifferent
C. authoritarian
D. authoritative

A

D. authoritative

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31
Q

What is the term to describe a gradual physical decline that occurs with age?

A

senescence

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32
Q

One of the first visible signs of senescence is/are:

A

wrinkles

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33
Q

Genes, poor circulation, viruses, and drug _____ could all contribute to severe brain loss in adulthood.

A

abuse

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34
Q

What starts decreasing by 1% per year starting at age 20?

A

collagen

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35
Q

Which of the following people would most likely have the smallest brain, in terms of size?

A

rowland, age 68

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36
Q

Poor circulation, viruses, and drug abuse could all contribute to what in middle adulthood?

A

severe brain loss

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37
Q

Which statement regarding skin senescence is FALSE?

A. Aging skin is especially visible on the face where it is exposed to different elements.
B. Wrinkles are not the only sign of skin senescence.
C. When exposed to pollution, the skin can become less firm.
D. These signs of changes in skin usually become visible by the mid 30s.

A

D. These signs of changes in skin usually become visible by the mid 30s.

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38
Q

Helene is 59 years old and is returning to school to get a bachelor’s degree. She is curious about how her age will impact her ability to be successful in school. To help prepare for her studies, Helene should be aware of the following EXCEPT:

A. multitasking may be challenging for her.
B. processing new information may take her longer than her younger classmates.
C. complex working-memory tasks may be very difficult for her.
D. her reaction time will decrease.

A

D. her reaction time will decrease.

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39
Q

Which statement regarding skin senescence is TRUE?

A

When exposed to pollution, the skin can become less firm

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40
Q

Which of the following would NOT contribute to severe brain loss in adulthood?

A. genes
B. drug abuse
C. the blood brain barrier
D. poor circulation

A

C. the blood brain barrier

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41
Q

Jennifer has developed dementia at age 59. This disease is causing:

A

severe brain loss.

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42
Q

Which of the following is FALSE about the brain’s ability in middle adulthood?

A. complex working-memory tasks become more difficult
B. reaction time decreases
C. processing new information takes longer
D. multitasking becomes more challenging

A

B. reaction time decreases

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43
Q

Which of the following regarding changes in outward appearance associated with aging is TRUE?
A. 40-year-old Morgan recently noticed that the hairs around her temples are starting to gray.
B. 50-year-old Jim is noticing that the hair growth on his arms and legs is becoming more dense.
C. 45-year-old Isla feels that her nails on both her fingers and toes are becoming thinner and more fragile.
D. 55-year-old Frank is noticing that not much has changed in his skin.

A

A. 40-year-old Morgan recently noticed that the hairs around her temples are starting to gray.

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44
Q

In India, more than half of the people who want to avoid conception use:

A

sterilization.

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45
Q

The average age of menopause is:

A

51

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46
Q

In Bangladesh, most couples who want to control family size rely on:

A

early abortions

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47
Q

Menopause technically refers to:

A

the cessation of menstruation.

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48
Q

Sexual arousal and responsiveness tend to _____ with age.

A

slow down (or decrease)

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49
Q

A ______ is a surgical removal of the uterus.

A

Hysterectomy

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50
Q

A decrease in anxiety seems to improve sexual _____ with age.

A

responsiveness

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51
Q

Connie is 52 years old and is experiencing hot flashes and cold sweats, and at times feels depressed, although she has no history of depression. She has not had her period in 6 months. She is most likely experiencing…

A

menopause

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52
Q

The sexual-reproductive system:

A

shows the most significant effects of aging.

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53
Q

Deborah is 52 years old and is experiencing hot flashes and cold sweats, and at times feels depressed, although she has no history of depression. She has not had her period in 6 months. She is most likely experiencing _____.

A

menopause

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54
Q

A study of women aged 40 and older found that sexual activity _____ each decade but satisfaction did not.

A

decreased

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55
Q 
Sean is 62 years old. His lower testosterone level has most likely led to all of the following EXCEPT:
A. reduced sexual desire.
B. inability to ejaculate.
C. reduced erections.
D. reduced muscle mass.
A

B. inability to ejaculate.

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56
Q

A decrease in _____ seems to improve sexual responsiveness with age.

A

anxiety

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57
Q

The _____ system shows the most universal effects of aging.

A

sexual-reproductive

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58
Q

Studies of the effectiveness of hormone _____ therapy for menopause have been questioned because all subjects were of high socioeconomic status.

A

replacement

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59
Q

Infertility is defined as:

A

the failure to conceive a child after a year or more of intercourse without contraception.

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60
Q

Research found that on average, sexual intercourse stops at age _____ for women and at age _____ for men.

A

60; 65

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61
Q

Specific contraceptive use is influenced by personal choice, national law, and local _____.

A

custom

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62
Q

Studies of the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopause have been questioned because:

A

all subjects were of high socioeconomic status.

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63
Q

From a biological perspective, would-be mothers should try to conceive before age _____.

A

25

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64
Q

What one organ system shows significant effects of aging?

A

sexual-reproductive

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65
Q

Abuse of _____ increases in adulthood.

A

legally prescribed drugs

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66
Q

At every stage of life regular exercise _____ against serious illness.

A

protects

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67
Q

Which of the following illegal drugs is the slowest to decline in use as people age?

A

marijuana

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68
Q

According to the research, which country has the highest percentage of overweight population that is obese?

A

United States

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69
Q

Most cancers are related to _____ that increase allostatic load with every year they continue.

A

lifestyle behaviors

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70
Q

_____ decreases by one-third between ages 20-60.

A

Metabolism

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71
Q

_____ of legally prescribed drugs increases in adulthood.

A

abuse

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72
Q

Yolanda has a BMI of 41. She would be considered:

A

morbidly obese.

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73
Q

One third of cancer deaths are connected to _____, another third to _____ and another third to various toxins.

A

smoking

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74
Q

Lieu is measured to having a body mass index of 26. She is categorized as being _____.

A

overweight

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75
Q

In the United States in 2010, _____ percent of men and _____ percent of women smoked.

A

22; 18

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76
Q

In the past, being overweight was a sign of _____.

A

affluence

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77
Q

What percentage of adults worldwide is obese?

A

10%

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78
Q

One third of cancer deaths are connected to _____, another third to diet and another third to various _____.

A

smoking

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79
Q

Raquel is 47 years old and is abusing drugs. As a person of her age, which of the following drugs is she most likely abusing?

A

oxycodone, a legally prescribed painkiller

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80
Q 
Alcohol contributes to the following health problems EXCEPT \_\_\_\_\_ cancer.
A. lung
B. breast
C. stomach
D. throat
A

A. lung

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81
Q

Which of the following alcoholics is most likely to cause harm to their families?

A

Theodore, who is 45 years old

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82
Q 
All of the following account for the vast majority of cancer deaths with each accounting for a third of cancer deaths. Which choice does not?
A. smoking
B. toxins
C. poor sleep habits
D. diet
A

C. poor sleep habits

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83
Q

Sybil is a 50-year-old and is abusing drugs. A person of her age is most likely to abuse drugs that are _____ painkillers.

A

legally prescribed

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84
Q

What is mortality?

A

a term that refers to the number of deaths each year per 1,000 individuals in a particular population

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85
Q

What is the hallmark of disability?

A

limitation of functioning

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86
Q

Compared to men, women live on average:

A

4 years longer.

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87
Q

What are DALYs?

a measure of the reduced quality of life caused by disabilities

A

a measure of the reduced quality of life caused by disabilities

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88
Q

_____ refers to the number of deaths each year per 1,000 individuals in a particular population.

A

mortality

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89
Q 
Which of the following people, who are all citizens of the same country, would be most likely to die first?
John, age 65
Helena, age 65
Judy, age 65
Anne, age 65
A

John, age 65

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90
Q

Due to Raymond’s arthritis, he has difficulty performing normal activities of daily living, such as dressing himself, cooking for himself, and the ability to do yard work. This would be referred to as a _____.

A

disability

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91
Q

Which of the following is NOT a reason that, at age 85, women outnumber men two to one?
A. women’s biology
B. women tend have more friends
C. old men die at a higher rate than do old women
D. women tend to take better care of themselves

A

C. old men die at a higher rate than do old women

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92
Q

When rates are age-adjusted, Sierra Leone has the highest annual _____.

A

mortality

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93
Q

When mortality rates are age-adjusted, what country has the highest annual mortality?

A

Sierra Leone

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94
Q

Which of the following has the highest social cost?

A

disability

95
Q

Morbidity refers to the rates of _____ of all kinds in a population.

A

diseases

96
Q

When mortality rates are age-adjusted, _____ has the lowest annual mortality.

A

Japan

97
Q

What term refers to the number of deaths each year per 1,000 individuals in a particular population?

A

mortality

98
Q

Based on mortality rates, which of the following people would be the most likely to die?

A

Francois, a male citizen of Sierra Leone

99
Q

Julio is a public health researcher. He is currently working on finding out current rates of all kinds of disease in rural versus urban populations in the southeast United States. Walter is researching rates of _____.

A

morbidity

100
Q

Dion’s quality of life has been reduced since he was in a car accident and can no longer walk. The measurement of this reduced quality of life is known as _____.

A

DALYs

101
Q

When rates are age-adjusted, Japan has the lowest annual _____.

A

mortality

102
Q

Chapters 20, 21, and 22 talk about 40 years over the adulthood life span. Between which ages do those 40 years refer to?

A

ages 25 to 65

103
Q

Are events programmed by age? No, but they are not random

A

No, but they are not random

104
Q

Adults build on their ___ development and create their own ecological niches.

A

Past

105
Q

From a developmental perspective, every period of life if multi_.

A

directional

106
Q

With age, both blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) increase/decrease in everyone.

A

increase

107
Q

Coronary heart disease correlates with hypertension, and cholesterol, which correlate with __.

A

senescence

108
Q

How can the physiological aspects of aging protect adults?

A

Senescence slows down the growth of cancer, although aging makes cancer more likely to occur.

109
Q

refers to this tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state that is optimal for functioning.

A

homeostasis

110
Q

is the process of achieving stability, or homeostasis, through physiological or behavioral change

A

allostasis

111
Q

if the loss of organ reserve with age is severe, homeostasis is severely pressured, or allostatic load becomes too heavy, what may happen?

A

life may be threatened

112
Q

What two things are crucial to well-being in adulthood?

A

Setting goals and working to accomplish them.

113
Q

Neurons fire more __ and reaction time __ because messages from the axon of one neuron are not picked up as quickly by the dendrites of other neurons.

A

slowly; lengthen

114
Q

New neurons and dendrites appear, but what happens to others?

A

They atrophy (waste away). Brain size also decreases, with fewer neurons and synapses in middle adulthood than earlier.

115
Q

For most adults, neurological reserves, homeostasis, and allostasis protect/harm the brain.

A

protect

116
Q

With the aging brain, multitasking gets easier/harder, processing takes longer/is quicker.

A

harder; longer

117
Q

Very complex tasks involving __ memory may become impossible.

A

working

118
Q

If severe loss occurs before age 65, the cause is not senescence, but one of the following common physiological causes:

A

*drug abuse (especially alcohol… can lead to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndonrome “wet brain”), poor circulation (anything that impairs blood flow.. hypertension, cigarette), viruses (HIV, etc, that destroy neurons), genes (if it is inherited from a dominant gene)

119
Q

Where are the first visible changes with outward appearance when senescence is happening?

A

The skin, which becomes dryer, rougher, and less regular in color.

120
Q

Why is skin the first visible change?

A

Because collagen, the main component of the connective tissue of the body, decreases by about 1 percent per year, starting at age 20.

121
Q

At what age do collagen starts to decrease?

A

20

122
Q

By age 30 what happens to the skin?

A

It is becoming thinner and less flexible, wrinkles become more visible (esp around the eyes)

123
Q

Which body part is most exposed to sun, rain, heat, cold, and pollution? And what happens as a result of all this exposure?

A

The face; skin becomes less firm

124
Q

What appears when skin becomes less firm?

A

Age spots, tiny blood vessels, and other imperfections appear.

125
Q

In what type of people are age spots, tiny blood vessels, etc apparent in? And what age?

A

By age 40 in people who work outside most of their lives (farmers, sailors, and construction workers), but they are more troubling to people (usually women) who associate youth with sexual attractiveness..

126
Q

With senescence, veins on the legs and wrists become more/less prominent, and toenails and fingernails become thicker/thinner.

A

more; thicker

127
Q

Hair usually becomes __ and ___. First at the __ by age 40 and then __.

A

gray and thinner; temples; over the rest of the scalp

128
Q

When does “middle age spread appear?” And what is “middle age spread?”

A

A “middle age spread increases waist circumference; all the muscles weaken; pockets of fat settle on the abdomen, the upper arms, the buttocks, and the chin; people stoop slightly when they stand….. This happens between ages 25 and 65

129
Q

By middle/late age, adults are shorter than they were, because back muscles, connective tissue, and bones lose density, making the vertebrae in the spine shrink.

A

middle

130
Q

In middle age, muscles weaken and shrink; joints lose flexibility, stiffness is more evident, bending is harder; agility is reduced. What is agility?

A

Agility is the power to move quickly and easily.

131
Q

The aging of the body is most evident in sports that require what?

A

strength, agility, and speed.

132
Q

All the senses become more/less acute with each decade.

A

less

133
Q

How many distinct brain areas as well as at least a dozen aspects of the eye combine to allow people see?

A

30

134
Q

Which vision narrows faster? Peripheral or frontal?

A

Peripheral

135
Q

What is nearsigthedness? And what is it affected by?

A

Difficulty seeing objects at a distance; genes and age

136
Q

What is farsightedness?

A

Difficulty seeing objects that are close

137
Q

Nearsightedness/Farsightedness increases because the lens of the eye changes shape (with aging)
Farsightedness

A

Farsightedness

138
Q

Motion perception and contrast sensitivity are

A

reduced/increased with aging. What are these two things?
reduced; motion perception (How fast is that car approaching) and contrast sensitivity (Is that a bear, a tree, or a person?)

139
Q

The lens of the eyes thickens/thins, brighter lighting is needed.

A

thickens

140
Q

Younger adults are usually

A

nearsighted

141
Q

When is hearing most acute?

A

Age 10

142
Q

Most older adults are nearsighted/farsighted

A

farsighted

143
Q

A significant loss of hearing associated with senescence. Usually is not apparent until age 60 but can occur earlier with damage from loud music and earphones.

A

Presbycusis

144
Q

Sexual arousal occurs more slowly/faster with age and orgasm takes longer/is quicker.

A

more slowly; longer

145
Q

Are most people sexually active throughout adulthood?

A

Yes. But a study has shown hat many stop before 60 and others are sexually active in their late 80s.

146
Q

What used to be the age most sexual activity stopped?

A

60 for women, 65 for men

147
Q

What reduced desire for males and females?

A

For males, unemployment. for females, past sexual trauma (abuse, rape)

148
Q

Adults of all ages enjoy “very high/low levels of emotional satisfaction and physical pleasure from sex within their relationships.”

A

high

149
Q

Sexual activity decreases but what does not decrease?

A

satisfaction

150
Q

Do adults experience increased or decreased sexual responsiveness with age?

A

increased

151
Q

The inability to conceive a child after trying for at least a year.

A

infertility

152
Q

In the US, what percent of couples are infertile?

A

12%

153
Q

What is motility?

A

The ability to spontaneously and actively, consuming energy in the process.

154
Q

Causes for male infertility?

A

Low sperm count: Multiple factors can reduce sperm number, shape, and motility…
Advanced age, fever, radiation, prescription drugs, stress, environmental toxins, drug abuse, alcoholism, cigarette smoking are all causes as well.

155
Q

What are the causes for infertility?

A
  • Partly because many postpone childbearing.

- Half of those trying to conceive in their 40s are infertile and the other half risk various complications

156
Q

Cause for female infertility?

A

anything that impairs physical functioning..

- Advanced age, diseases, smoking, extreme dieting, obesity

157
Q

Time in middle age when a woman’s menstrual periods cease completely and the production of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone drops considerably.

A

menopause

158
Q

What is menopause affected by?

A

genes, smoking, and exercise

159
Q

Basically male menopause; a gradual drop in testosterone levels in older men, resulting in a reduction in sexual desire, erections, and muscle mass.

A

Andropause

160
Q

Early/late menopause, increases the risk of various health problems later on.

A

Early

161
Q

Taking hormones (in pills, patches, or injections) to compensate for hormone reduction. This is most common in women at menopause or after removal of the ovaries, but it also used by men as their testosterone decreases. This has some medical uses but also carries health risks.

A

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

162
Q

Why is HRT risky?

A

A study found that taking estrogen and progesterone increases the risk of heart disease, stroke and breast cancer and did not prevent dementia.

163
Q

What is the average age for menopause?

A

51

164
Q

Abuse of illegal drugs decreases/increases markedly over adulthood.

A

decreases

165
Q

Marijuana is the slowest/fastest to decline.

A

slowest

166
Q

Abuse of prescribed drugs increases/decreases in adulthood.

A

increases

167
Q

What are the most abused addictive drugs in the US?

A

Alcohol and tobacco

168
Q

Cigarette smoking has declined/increased over the past 50 years in the US

A

declined

169
Q

What is the leading cause of preventable mortality and morbidity in the US?

A

tobacco and cigarette use

170
Q

What is the primary reason for the benefit of alcohol?

A

It reduces coronary heart disease and stroke

171
Q

An occasional drink or two may also lower/increase blood pressure and glucose.

A

lower

172
Q

How is drinking at least 2 drinks or less a day increase life expectancy?

A

It increases “good” cholesterol and reduces “bad” cholesterol

173
Q

How can alcohol abuse be fatal?

A

It increases risk of stroke, high blood pressure, destroys brain cells contributes to osteoporosis, infertility, suicides, and accidents

174
Q

Low income/High income nations have more abstainers, more abusers, and fewer moderate drinkers than more affluent nations.

A

Low income

175
Q

Metabolism decreases by one-third between what ages?

A

20 and 60

176
Q

In the US, adults gain an average of how many pounds each year?

A

1-2 lbs

177
Q

What are some consequences of obesity?

A

diabetes, and many other chronic diseases; obese people are less likely to be chosen as marriage partners, as employees, and even as friends. This leads them to avoid medical checkups, to eat more, and to exercise less.

178
Q

Defined as a BMI of 25 or more

A

overweight

179
Q

Defined as a BMI of 30 or more

A

obese

180
Q

Defined as a BMI of 40 or more

A

morbidly obese (Not healthy or normal)

181
Q

What are some causes of weight gain?

A

sugar, diets

182
Q

Regular physical activity at every stage of life does what?

A

protects against serious illness

183
Q

What else correlates with almost every unhealthy condition?

A

Sitting for long hours

184
Q

People who are fit are more likely to resist/ give in to disease and feel healthier/unhealthier as they age.

A

resist; healthier

185
Q

Changing a __ is a long, multistep process, involving stage-specific strategies for each step.

A

habit

186
Q

What are the steps of changing a habit?

A

Denial, Awareness, Planning, Implementation with social support, Maintenance with strategies for dealing with stress.

187
Q

Asking the individual to explain the costs and benefits of the habit

A

motivational interviewing

188
Q

the belief that one can quit the drug-change the routine, and so on.

A

Self-efficacy

189
Q

What does most of the US expenditure on health goes toward?

A

preventing death among people who are already sick

190
Q

Death. As a measure of health, it usually refers to the number of deaths each year per hundred thousand members of a given population .

A

Mortality

191
Q

Mortality is lower/higher for women in the US and worldwide.

A

lower

192
Q

Disease. As a measure of health, it usually refers to the rate of diseases in a given population–physical and emotional, acute (sudden) and chronic (ongoing)

A

Morbidity

193
Q

Worldwide, as mortality _, morbidity _.

A

decreases; increases

194
Q

Long-term difficulty in performing normal activities of daily life because of some physical, emotional, or mental condition.

A

Disability

195
Q

A measure of the reduced quality of life caused by disability.

A

DALYs (disability-adjusted life years)

196
Q

A measure of health that refers to how healthy and energetic–physically, intellectually, and socially–an individual actually feels.

A

vitality

197
Q

What two things affect health in every nation?

A

Money and education

198
Q

Which type of adults live longer?

A

Well-educated, financially secure adults.

199
Q

If the focus is only on mortality and morbidity, prevention is _ and _.

A

tertiary (saving the seriously ill from dying) or secondary (spotting early symptoms).

200
Q

If the goal is less disability and more vitality, what factors would need to be reduced or paid more attention to?

A

Pollution, drug abuse, and global warming.

201
Q

Selena and Rick have been married for 40 years. Based on what is known about sexuality with age, which of the following is probably true?

A

They have good sexual communication and are thus sexually satisfied.

202
Q

Lauren only has a little time to exercise each week. Which of the following would you recommend to her?

A

Focus on exercising Type II muscles used in forceful action.

203
Q

_____ refers to how physically, intellectually, and socially healthy and energetic an individual feels.

A

Vitality

204
Q

What percentage of adults in the United States are morbidly obese?

A

6%

205
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

A

it reduces the risk of heart disease

206
Q

Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY)

A

A generic measure of health-related quality of life that takes into account both the quantity and the quality of life generated by interventions.

207
Q

Loretta has been diagnosed with presbycusis. To compensate for this condition, she should probably consider:

A) starting a water aerobics class.

B) getting corrective eyeglasses.

C) using a cane or a wheelchair.

D) getting a hearing aid.

A

D) getting a hearing aid.

208
Q

Lizette and her husband had her ova fertilized with his sperm in a laboratory and then implanted in her uterus. What form of assisted reproductive technology is this?

A) amniocentesis

B) in vitro fertilization (IVF)

C) zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)

D) gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

A

B) in vitro fertilization (IVF)

209
Q

Which of the following is true regarding obesity during adulthood?

A) Less than 50% of men and women are obese, but more than 50% of men and women are overweight

B) Lack of physical activity is the only factor responsible for the development of obesity.

C) Obese people are just as likely to get married as people who are not obese.

D) Excess body weight is not correlated with the development of chronic diseases.

A

A) Less than 50% of men and women are obese, but more than 50% of men and women are overweight

210
Q

Which of the following is true regarding health habits during adulthood?

A) All of these.

B) Moderate alcohol consumption during adulthood is associated with longevity.

C) The prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults has declined over the past three decades.

D) Drug abuse, specifically the abuse of illegal drugs, decreases.

A

A) All of these.

211
Q

Which of the following is true regarding disability during adulthood?

A) Disability is associated with a reduced quality of life.

B) The degree to which a disability affects someone depends on the context.

C) Disability can include difficulties with physical, mental, or emotional functioning.

D) All of these.

A

A) Disability is associated with a reduced quality of life.

212
Q

Wendell has bone cancer and must use a wheelchair to accomplish his daily activities. He feels healthy and energetic and spends his days in a clown costume at the local children’s hospital. Which of the following statements about Wendell is true?

A

He is disabled and has a high level of vitality.

213
Q

Effectively coping with stress may

A

strengthen the immune system.

214
Q

If a person loses weight, the best predictor of whether the person will be able to maintain the weight loss is whether the person exercises___daily.

A

1 hour.

215
Q

Researchers on obesity agree that in middle age

A

metabolism slows down by about a third.

216
Q

Research studies on alcohol use have shown that

A

moderate use of alcohol may increase longevity.

217
Q

Addiction and drug abuse among adults decrease notably in every nation by age 25 and almost always by age__.

A

40

218
Q

Which of the following statements about “male menopause” is true?

A

men suffer from sudden, stress-related shifts in hormone levels.

219
Q

many changes of menopause are caused by reduced

A

estrogen.

220
Q

Nearsightedness begins to increase gradually in the decade between the ages of ___ and ____.

A

40;50.

221
Q

Aunt Judith is playing cards with her group of friends. They are all at least 60 years old. What characteristic of senescence do they all have in common?

A

Their faces are wrinkled.

222
Q

In the US, emerging adults are less likely to live at home than those in some other cultures. Which of the following statements is true?

A

They are still likely to receive financial support from their parents.

223
Q

Which of the following occurrences is a characteristic of situational couple violence?

A

both partners arguing.

224
Q

According to research, the chance of finding a potential partner with the same interest in three favorite leisure activities and with similar opinions about three important role preferences is___percent.

A

1

225
Q

Erikson believes that a healthy intimacy in marriage is more likely to emerge when

A

both partners have already established a sense of identity.

226
Q

A study of adults in 17 nations found that compared to married couples, cohabitants were

A

less satisfied.

227
Q

Generally, cohabiting young adults

A

are more likely to experience physical abuse in the relationship.

228
Q

Jim and Margaret have been married for 35 years. They feel no passion and share few feelings. Sternberg would say that they have which type of love?

A

empty.

229
Q

George and Emily are newly engaged to be married. The component of love that is probably the most intense at this time is

A

passion.

230
Q

Jessica is 21 years old. How is her circle of friends likely to differ from tht of her mother when she was Jessica’s age?

A

Jessica’s circle is more likely to include both males and females.

231
Q

What is typical of the rate at which emerging adults form new friendships?

A

They make more friends than they will later in life.

232
Q

According to Erikson, the stage of intimacy vs. isolation

A

involves the need to share one’s personal life with someone else.

233
Q

Which group showed the greatest gains in their well being after high school?

A

college students.

234
Q

A type of identity that is almost impossible to achieve during adolescence is

A

vocational identity.

Developmental Psychology Psyc215 (17 decks)

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