CHAPTER 11: Middle Childhood (Biosocial Development) Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
Children between the ages of 6 and 11 are within the developmental stage referred to as \_\_\_\_\_. A)infancy B)early childhood C)middle childhood D)adolescence
A
C)middle childhood
2
Q
Middle childhood is the \_\_\_\_\_ period of the entire life span. A)healthiest B)riskiest C)shortest D)longest
A
A)healthiest
3
Q
The worldwide death rate during the middle childhood years has \_\_\_\_\_ since 1950. A)quadrupled B)doubled C)stayed the same D)decreased
A
D)decreased
4
Q
When comparing the growth of children from ages 6 to 11 to infants or adolescents, one notices that children _____.
A)grow slowly and steadily
B)grow faster than they did in early childhood
C)grow at the same rate from ages 2 to 12
D)have a tremendous growth spurt during the school years
A
A)grow slowly and steadily
5
Q
Children usually have all of their permanent teeth by age \_\_\_\_\_. A)4 B)6 C)10 D)12
A
D)12
6
Q
In the United States, about \_\_\_\_\_ percent of children saw a dentist for preventive care in the previous year. A)25 B)50 C)75 D)100
A
C)75
7
Q
Research suggests that among children who saw a dentist for preventive care, 70 percent \_\_\_\_\_. A)had low incomes B)ate out regularly C)had teeth that were in good shape D)regularly eat dessert
A
C)had teeth that were in good shape
8
Q
Removal of fluoride from the water in Calgary, Canada, was associated with _____.
A)improvements in children’s health
B)reduction in obesity rates
C)increased water consumption
D)poorer teeth among second-grade children
A
D)poorer teeth among second-grade children
9
Q
Children who have poor health due to economic or social reasons are vulnerable to poor health lifelong, even if their socioeconomic status later improves. The text explains this as resulting from _____.
A)poor diet in adulthood
B)lack of exercise in adulthood
C)prolonged stress and unhealthy food in childhood
D)playing too many video games in childhood
A
C)prolonged stress and unhealthy food in childhood
10
Q
The benefits of physical activity during the middle childhood years _____.
A)are unrelated to health in adolescence and adulthood
B)protect health in adolescence but are unrelated to health in adulthood
C)are unrelated to health in adulthood but protect health in adolescence
D)can last a lifetime
A
D)can last a lifetime
11
Q
Physical activity can affect children by \_\_\_\_\_. A)increasing depression B)improving academic achievement C)reducing problem-solving ability D)improving oral health practices
A
B)improving academic achievement
12
Q
Body movement can improve intellectual functioning by \_\_\_\_\_. A)reducing cerebral blood flow B)including tests of academic concepts C)improving cerebral blood flow D)mimicking cognitive challenges
A
C)improving cerebral blood flow
13
Q
Callie asks Jenna whether she wants to play tag with a group of her friends. Jenna joins the group of children. The children decide on the rules for tag and, as they play, they make sure that each child is following the rules. This informal, child-initiated game of tag is likely taking place \_\_\_\_\_. A)in a neighborhood B)in school C)under the direction of a parent D)in a sports league
A
A)in a neighborhood
14
Q
Which factor contributes to the decline in neighborhood play among children?
A)people no longer want to know their neighbors
B)parental obesity
C)the high incidence of juvenile diabetes
D)parents’ fear of “stranger danger”
A
D)parents’ fear of “stranger danger”
15
Q
Which child is most likely to participate in a childhood sports league? A)middle- and upper-class boys B)children with special needs C)low-SES children D)inner-city children
A
A)middle- and upper-class boys
16
Q
Which child is most likely to participate in a childhood sports league?
A)Randy, a 10-year-old boy who lives in the suburbs
B)George, a 10-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder
C)Ada, a 12-year-old girl who lives in the suburbs
D)Romeal, a 10-year-old boy who lives downtown
A
A)Randy, a 10-year-old boy who lives in the suburbs
17
Q
Physical activity within schools has \_\_\_\_\_ over the years. A)increased B)decreased C)hindered academic achievement D)remained stable
A
B)decreased
18
Q
What have researchers said about the importance of recess, especially for children from disadvantaged backgrounds?
A)Recess is often the only opportunity for them to learn the rules to organized sports.
B)Without recess, children lack free time to catch up on their reading assignments.
C)Recess may be the only opportunity to practice social skills with other children.
D)Without recess, children miss out on unstructured time with adults.
A
C)Recess may be the only opportunity to practice social skills with other children.
19
Q
Research suggests that children who are deprived of \_\_\_\_\_ often have reduced mastery of reading and math. A)city life B)tests C)screen time D)recess
A
D)recess
20
Q
Childhood overweight is usually defined as \_\_\_\_\_ above the 85th percentile. A)weight B)skinfold test C)waist circumference D)BMI
A
D)BMI
21
Q
Children are considered overweight when they have BMIs above the \_\_\_\_\_ percentile. A)65th B)75th C)85th D)95th
A
C)85th
22
Q
Hannah's BMI is in the 79th percentile, which is associated with being \_\_\_\_\_. A)underweight B)normal weight C)overweight D)obese
A
B)normal weight
23
Q
Childhood obesity is usually defined as a BMI above the \_\_\_\_\_ percentile. A)65th B)75th C)85th D)95th
A
D)95th
24
Q
At Devon's recent check-up, her doctor told her that she is obese. Devon's BMI is in the \_\_\_\_\_ percentile. A)17th B)37th C)71st D)97th
A
D)97th
25
```
At the beginning of middle childhood, the _____ is less than at any other stage of life.
A)motivation to master a skill
B)number of friends
C)proportion of body fat
D)size of vocabulary
```
C)proportion of body fat
26
```
Which factor is most often seen in children who are obese?
A)low blood pressure
B)increased psychopathology
C)high levels of cholesterol
D)increased chance of becoming a bully
```
C)high levels of cholesterol
27
```
Madeline is 9 years old and is considered obese. While her parents acknowledge that they could adopt a healthier lifestyle, they blame genetics for her weight problem. How many genes are estimated to influence Madeline's weight?
A)5
B)10
C)dozens
D)hundreds
```
C)dozens
28
Obesity has increased because it is common for _____.
A)preschoolers to play outdoors
B)preschoolers to watch TV and drink soda
C)babies to be breast-fed
D)children to walk to school
B)preschoolers to watch TV and drink soda
29
Marilyn is 7 years old and is classified as obese. Based on information from the text, which would you say contributed to her obesity?
A)She played outdoors frequently.
B)She often didn't get enough sleep.
C)Her parents allowed her to spend one hour or less per day of screen time.
D)After breast-feeding for a year, she was transitioned to solid foods.
B)She often didn't get enough sleep.
30
```
During middle childhood, children themselves contribute to weight gain by getting adults to do what they want, such as buying them candy or junk food. The ability of children to get adults to do what they want has been referred to as _____ power.
A)influence
B)demanding
C)child
D)pester
```
D)pester
31
```
Austin is in the grocery store with his mom and he sees the candylike cereal that he saw advertised on television. He asks his mom to purchase it, and she says no. He continues to beg, bargain, and pout until she concedes. Austin demonstrated _____ power.
A)influence
B)demanding
C)child
D)pester
```
D)pester
32
```
Asthma is a disorder caused by _____ the airways.
A)inflammation of
B)enlargement of
C)destruction of
D)holes in
```
A)inflammation of
33
```
Monica brought her 10-year-old son to see the doctor because he was having problems breathing. The doctor informed Monica that her son had inflammation of the airways. Monica's son was diagnosed with _____.
A)asthma
B)obesity
C)sleep apnea
D)diabetes
```
A)asthma
34
```
Since 1980 the rate of childhood asthma in the United States has _____.
A)doubled
B)tripled
C)decreased
D)stayed the same
```
B)tripled
35
```
William was doing a class report on asthma and learned that several factors may contribute to its development, including _____.
A)outdoor play
B)early respiratory infections
C)sunlight
D)carpets
```
D)carpets
36
```
The belief that children's immune systems need to be exposed to viruses and bacteria in order to strengthen them, but that children are overprotected from this exposure, is called the _____.
A)sterile environment theory
B)hygiene hypothesis
C)spore theory
D)immunity hypothesis
```
B)hygiene hypothesis
37
With respect to asthma, the hygiene hypothesis is supported by data showing that _____.
A)children born by vaginal delivery have more asthma
B)farm children have less asthma and other allergies
C)later-born children develop asthma more often than first-born children
D)city children have less asthma and fewer allergies
B)farm children have less asthma and other allergies
38
Which child is at higher risk for developing asthma?
A)a child who lives in a city
B)a child who lives on a farm
C)a child who experienced a vaginal delivery
D)a child who is second-born in the family
A)a child who lives in a city
39
The hygiene hypothesis asserts that _____.
A)the immune system needs to tangle with microbes when we are young
B)the immune system needs to be protected through very hygienic conditions
C)farm animals are more hygienic than household pets
D)smoking is unhygienic
A)the immune system needs to tangle with microbes when we are young
40
```
How long it takes to respond to a stimulus is referred to as _____.
A)stimulus response
B)waiting period
C)reaction time
D)response time
```
C)reaction time
41
```
A 3-year-old has a harder time catching a ball than a 9-year-old does. One contributing factor for why the 9-year-old has an easier time catching the ball in contrast to the 3-year-old is _____.
A)increased reaction time
B)decreased reaction time
C)increased stimulus response
D)decreased stimulus response
```
B)decreased reaction time
42
```
The ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others is referred to as _____.
A)selective attention
B)divided attention
C)automatization
D)reaction time
```
A)selective attention
43
```
Eight-year-old Molly is able to listen to her teacher and concentrate on what he is saying even when her friends are talking around her. Molly is able to do this because of an improvement in _____.
A)selective attention
B)divided attention
C)automatization
D)reaction time
```
A)selective attention
44
Aptitude tests are designed to measure one's _____.
A)potential for learning a skill or body of knowledge
B)achievement in a particular subject
C)capacity for divergent thinking
D)verbal abilities only
A)potential for learning a skill or body of knowledge
45
```
Originally, a person's mental age and chronological age were factors used to determine his or her _____.
A)achievement on the WAIS
B)intelligence quotient
C)multiple intelligences
D)achievement on the WPPSI
```
B)intelligence quotient
46
```
One's mental age divided by one's chronological age and multiplied by 100 results in one's _____.
A)measure of mastery
B)proficiency score
C)achievement quotient
D)intelligence quotient
```
D)intelligence quotient
47
```
The average IQ is a score of _____.
A)70
B)85
C)100
D)115
```
C)100
48
```
Susie has an IQ score of 90. According to the distribution of IQ scores, Susie's IQ falls into which category?
A)average
B)slow learner
C)superior
D)gifted
```
A)average
49
```
Payton has an IQ score of 135. According to the distribution of IQ scores, Payton's IQ falls into which category?
A)average
B)slow learner
C)superior
D)gifted
```
D)gifted
50
```
April is tested on her mastery of college chemistry. She is taking a(n) _____.
A)achievement test
B)IQ test
C)field test
D)aptitude test
```
A)achievement test
51
```
Achievement tests are designed to measure one's _____.
A)learned knowledge about a subject
B)potential for accomplishment
C)capacity for divergent thinking
D)verbal abilities
```
A)learned knowledge about a subject
52
```
Achievement tests are to aptitude tests as knowledge is to _____.
A)wisdom
B)creativity
C)potential
D)practicality
```
C)potential
53
```
Most nations have exhibited substantial increases in IQ scores during the past century. This phenomenon is called the _____.
A)Stanford Swell
B)Brain Leap
C)Intelligence Surge
D)Flynn effect
```
D)Flynn effect
54
Howard Gardner proposed that _____.
A)there is only one intelligence
B)everyone is equal in all types of intelligence
C)IQ tests are the best way to measure intelligence
D)there are multiple intelligences
D)there are multiple intelligences
55
```
According to Gardner's multiple intelligences, a successful professional athlete is likely to excel in _____ intelligence.
A)linguistic
B)interpersonal
C)naturalistic
D)bodily-kinesthetic
```
D)bodily-kinesthetic
56
```
According to Gardner's multiple intelligences, a successful farmer is likely to excel in _____ intelligence.
A)linguistic
B)interpersonal
C)naturalistic
D)bodily-kinesthetic
```
C)naturalistic
57
```
IQ tests _____.
A)reflect multicultural understanding
B)are influenced by culture
C)do not accurately reflect aptitude
D)accurately reflect achievement
```
B)are influenced by culture
58
```
Children whose parents tell them not to talk to strangers might score lower when IQ tests require them to answer an examiner's questions. This is an example of the _____ perspective.
A)sociocultural
B)biological
C)evolutionary
D)psychodynamic
```
A)sociocultural
59
```
Brain scans _____ correlate with childhood IQ scores.
A)positively
B)negatively
C)do not
D)inversely
```
C)do not
60
Which is a more accurate measure of intelligence, neurological measures or paper-and-pencil tests?
A)Neurological tests are more accurate than paper-and-pencil.
B)Paper-and-pencil are more accurate than neurological tests.
C)They are equal.
D)Both methods have been rejected by developmentalists.
C)They are equal.
61
Scientists agree that brain development _____.
A)is not dependent on experience
B)continues throughout life
C)is the same in all children, gifted and not gifted
D)reflects unusual patterns in children with various disorders
B)continues throughout life
62
Scientists agree that brain development _____.
A)is not dependent on experience
B)depends on experiences
C)is the same in all children, gifted and not gifted
D)reflects unusual patterns in children with various disorders
B)depends on experiences
63
```
The field that links usual development to the study of special needs is developmental _____.
A)psychology
B)psychopathology
C)practice
D)abnormality
```
B)psychopathology
64
A general principle of developmental psychopathology is that _____.
A)abnormality is normal
B)disability does not change year by year
C)life will be the same in adulthood
D)diagnosis and treatment are independent from the social context
A)abnormality is normal
65
Gerald was diagnosed with ADHD at an early age. Throughout school he had extreme academic difficulties, though he excelled at art. When he graduated from high school, Gerald started a career as an artist and quickly began to sell his work and achieved critical acclaim. As an adult he was experiencing life success even though he still had symptoms of ADHD. Which of the four general principles of developmental psychopathology does this example illustrate?
A)Abnormality is normal.
B)Disability changes year by year.
C)Life may get better or worse.
D)Diagnosis and treatment reflect the social context.
C)Life may get better or worse.
66
```
When two or more unrelated disease conditions are present at the same time in the same person, the disorders are referred to as _____.
A)psychopathological
B)comorbid
C)multifinal
D)equifinal
```
B)comorbid
67
Early and accurate diagnosis of childhood disorders can be difficult because of equifinality. That is, _____.
A)many causes can result in one symptom
B)younger children have very little variability in symptoms
C)many disorders are not comorbid
D)children often hide their symptoms from caregivers
A)many causes can result in one symptom
68
```
A cause can have many final manifestations. This is referred to as _____.
A)psychopathology
B)comorbidity
C)multifinality
D)equifinality
```
C)multifinality
69
```
Jennica experienced neglect as an infant while her mother suffered from severe depression. The outcome on Jennica's development could manifest itself in many different ways. This reflects the developmental principle of _____.
A)psychopathology
B)comorbidity
C)multifinality
D)equifinality
```
C)multifinality
70
```
Often a symptom can have multiple causes. This is known as _____.
A)psychopathology
B)comorbidity
C)multifinality
D)equifinality
```
D)equifinality
71
```
Ricky's aggressive behavior could be due to genetic inheritance, exposure to violent media, or living in a violent neighborhood. This reflects the developmental principle of _____.
A)psychopathology
B)comorbidity
C)multifinality
D)equifinality
```
D)equifinality
72
According to the DSM-5, in order for ADHD to be diagnosed _____.
A)several symptoms have to begin before age 12
B)signs of other disorders, such as bipolar disorder, must be present
C)symptoms must occur for at least 6 weeks
D)symptoms must occur in only one context, such as at school or at home
A)several symptoms have to begin before age 12
73
Todd runs around the classroom, can't seem to sit still or concentrate, and is easily excited. With which disorder might Todd be diagnosed?
A)intellectual disability
B)a sensory deficit
C)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
D)childhood schizophrenia
C)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
74
David is excitable, impulsive, and very active. He also has great difficulty concentrating. He seems to have _____.
A)mental retardation
B)a sensory deficit
C)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
D)childhood schizophrenia
C)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
75
Which factor has been identified as one of the problems with diagnosing ADHD?
A)Its biological marker is too specific.
B)It can be comorbid with other intellectual disabilities and depression.
C)The written test is too sensitive.
D)Teachers are not allowed to report on children's classroom behavior.
B)It can be comorbid with other intellectual disabilities and depression.
76
```
Seven-year-old Henry has been diagnosed with both ADHD and disruptive mood dysregulation. Which term refers to Henry having both conditions?
A)conflicting diagnoses
B)complex diagnosis
C)comorbidity
D)coexistence
```
C)comorbidity
77
Ten-year-old Wilson interrupts his teachers, parents, and classmates. When it is listening time in class, he fidgets and talks out of turn. He often hurts himself when he acts impulsively. Wilson may be diagnosed with _____.
A)autism spectrum disorder
B)learning disability
C)childhood schizophrenia
D)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
D)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
78
```
Over the past few decades, the rates of ADHD have _____ in the United States.
A)decreased
B)increased
C)remained stable
D)not been measured
```
B)increased
79
Which statement is true of treatment for ADHD?
A)Training for the family and child may be effective in some cases.
B)No treatments currently exist.
C)Medication is the only option.
D)Parents and teachers do not need to be involved.
A)Training for the family and child may be effective in some cases.
80
```
In the United States, more than _____ million children and adolescents under the age of 18 take prescription drugs to regulate their emotions and behavior.
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
```
B)2
81
```
One of the documented long-term benefits of using medication to treat ADHD is _____.
A)taller stature
B)increased energy
C)less drug abuse
D)reduced risk of heart disease
```
C)less drug abuse
82
The use of medication to treat ADHD (and many other disorders) in children _____.
A)is widely accepted as the best option
B)is not considered off-label
C)is controversial
D)has not increased in the previous decades
C)is controversial
83
```
A marked delay in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, by intellectual disability, or by an unusually stressful home environment is referred to as _____.
A)specific learning disorder
B)ADHD
C)autism spectrum disorder
D)bipolar disorder
```
A)specific learning disorder
84
```
Jim has struggled with reading throughout his school experience, and he has fallen far behind his peers. Based on this, his teacher recommends that Jim be evaluated for _____.
A)specific learning disorder
B)ADHD
C)autism spectrum disorder
D)bipolar disorder
```
A)specific learning disorder
85
```
The most commonly diagnosed learning disorder is _____.
A)dyslexia
B)dyscalculia
C)ADHD
D)autism spectrum disorder
```
A)dyslexia
86
```
Which learning disorder is characterized by unusual difficulty with reading?
A)dyslexia
B)ADHD
C)autism spectrum disorder
D)bipolar disorder
```
A)dyslexia
87
```
Jane is in the third grade but reads at the level of a preschooler. Jane's teacher thinks that she reverses letters and may have _____.
A)dyslexia
B)dyscalculia
C)ADHD
D)autism spectrum disorder
```
A)dyslexia
88
```
Which condition is a learning disorder related to math?
A)dyslexia
B)dyscalculia
C)ADHD
D)autism spectrum disorder
```
B)dyscalculia
89
All children with autism spectrum disorder _____.
A)find it difficult to understand the emotions of others
B)have low intelligence
C)engage in repetitive or restrictive patterns of behavior
D)have a fascination with trains, lights, or spinning objects
A)find it difficult to understand the emotions of others
90
```
Allen is 3 years old. He ignores people when they are in the room, and he does not make eye contact when people speak to him. He rarely speaks, and he plays with a spinning top for hours. He just spins it, watches it, and when it stops he spins it again. Allen may be showing signs of _____.
A)a learning disability
B)ADHD
C)autism spectrum disorder
D)bipolar disorder
```
C)autism spectrum disorder
91
```
Which of the following is a sign of autism spectrum disorder?
A)impaired social understanding
B)cooperative play
C)low intelligence
D)early proficiency in language
```
A)impaired social understanding
92
Children who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder can vary in the type and range of symptoms they display, but all children with autism spectrum disorder have _____.
A)difficulty speaking
B)a lack of eye contact
C)difficulty understanding others' speech
D)difficulty understanding emotions
D)difficulty understanding emotions
93
Seamus is very talented at drawing. Although his speech is close to normal, he tends to shy away from other children and is awkward when trying to relate to others. Which diagnosis would fit Seamus's behavior?
A)compulsive disorder
B)autism spectrum disorder without language or intellectual impairment
C)dyslexia
D)ADHD
B)autism spectrum disorder without language or intellectual impairment
94
_____ is considered to be a specific type of autism spectrum disorder.
A)Dyscalculia
B)Mental retardation
C)ASD without language or intellectual impairment
D)Comorbid
C)ASD without language or intellectual impairment
95
```
Most children with autism spectrum disorder show signs in _____.
A)infancy
B)middle childhood
C)adolescence
D)adulthood
```
A)infancy
96
```
A child can have autism spectrum disorder symptoms for many reasons. This reflects the developmental principle of _____.
A)psychopathology
B)comorbidity
C)multifinality
D)equifinality
```
D)equifinality
97
```
Which treatment for autism spectrum disorder is most promising?
A)hyperbaric treatments
B)medication
C)megadoses of vitamins
D)it depends on the child
```
D)it depends on the child
98
```
In 1975, the Education of All Handicapped Children Act stipulated that children with special needs must be educated in the _____.
A)resource room
B)least restrictive environment
C)inclusion classroom
D)mainstreamed classroom
```
B)least restrictive environment
99
```
Mariangela has dyslexia. Mariangela is taught in the regular classroom, where she has her own reading tutor for part of the day. This is an example of _____.
A)autism spectrum disorder
B)a resource room
C)inclusion
D)indoctrination
```
C)inclusion
100
```
What is the latest educational strategy in the United States for children who are below average in achievement to receive special help?
A)mainstreaming
B)inclusion
C)resource rooms
D)response to intervention
```
D)response to intervention
101
```
A document for children with special needs that specifies their educational goals is known as a(n) _____.
A)IEP
B)IFSP
C)LRE
D)RTI
```
A)IEP
102
```
Krista seemed to be struggling academically in her fourth-grade class. After a battery of tests, it was determined that Krista had special needs. School professionals met with Krista's parents to discuss specific educational goals for Krista. What the school professionals and Krista's parents created was Krista's _____.
A)IEP
B)IFSP
C)LRE
D)RTI
```
A)IEP
103
Sara was given a battery of tests, and it was determined that she had learning difficulties. School professionals and Sara's parents created an IEP, and Sara's parents expected that to lead to effective remediation. However, Sara continued to struggle, and the educators did not know what to do. Why don't they know what to do?
A)More than likely, Sara has an uncommon learning disability.
B)Educators are better prepared to cope with less common problems, such as autism spectrum disorder.
C)Sara must not be trying hard enough, and the educators do not know how to boost intrinsic motivation.
D)The educators always use the same strategies for all students with learning disabilities.
B)Educators are better prepared to cope with less common problems, such as autism spectrum disorder.
104
What is the best explanation for why the percentage of students identified with learning disabilities has been rising?
A)The rate of learning disabilities is objectively rising.
B)Students pretend they have a disability so that they can avoid exams.
C)Teachers may be referring students who are hard to control.
D)Parents may prefer the larger learning-disabled classes.
C)Teachers may be referring students who are hard to control.
105
What should be the target of early intervention for children with ADHD?
A)improving the ability to focus attention on schoolwork so that their ADHD symptoms will lessen
B)improving the ability to focus attention on schoolwork so that they can make more friends
C)improving the ability to make friends so that their ADHD symptoms will lessen
D)improving the ability to make friends so that they can make more friends
C)improving the ability to make friends so that their ADHD symptoms will lessen
106
The traditional timing for diagnosing specific learning disorders has been after a child displays difficulty with a particular school subject that made his or her achievement scores fall at least two years below IQ. What does the textbook say about this policy?
A)This means that diagnosis often occurs after a child with a disability has already given up.
B)It is important to wait for diagnosis, because many children outgrow their early difficulties.
C)Waiting allows time for parents to seek private assistance for their children.
D)Because there are no early interventions available, it really doesn't matter when diagnosis occurs.
A)This means that diagnosis often occurs after a child with a disability has already given up.
107
Each state in the United States selects and educates gifted and talented students. Across the country _____.
A)the selection and education process is the same
B)the selection process is the same, but the education process can be different
C)the selection process can be different, but the education process is the same
D)the selection and education process can be different
D)the selection and education process can be different
108
```
Historically, children who were identified as gifted and talented were taught with children of the same mental age, not their chronological age. This practice was called _____, but it is seldom used today.
A)mainstreaming
B)inclusion
C)acceleration
D)response to intervention
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C)acceleration
109
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A student might be identified as gifted and talented if he or she has a high IQ or _____.
A)boredom in the classroom
B)divergent thinking skills
C)talks a lot in class
D)convergent thinking skills
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B)divergent thinking skills
110
One method of educating gifted and talented students that has become popular in the United States is _____.
A)intense parental tutoring of a child's gift or talent
B)home schooling
C)educating all gifted and talented children of the same age together
D)segregating students by their gifts and talents to form mixed-age groups
C)educating all gifted and talented children of the same age together
111
What is one criticism of gifted-and-talented classes?
A)The most able students end up with the least qualified teachers.
B)Children who are not in the classes may feel inferior.
C)The classes do not benefit the students.
D)The students lack same-age socialization opportunities.
B)Children who are not in the classes may feel inferior.
112
Middle childhood is the _____.
A)riskiest period of the life span because motor skills are still developing, so accidents are common
B)healthiest period of the life span because fatal diseases and accidents are rare
C)deadliest period of the life span because most illnesses occur during middle childhood
D)most damaging period of the life span because children make decisions that could affect their entire lives
B)healthiest period of the life span because fatal diseases and accidents are rare
113
According to the text, school-age children's growth is _____.
A)fast and staggered
B)dependent upon the ethnicity of a child
C)unpredictable
D)slow and steady
D)slow and steady
114
According to the text, one of the benefits of physical activity is _____.
A)improved academic achievement
B)competition
C)time and effort directed away from school
D)altered hormone levels
A)improved academic achievement
115
Childhood overweight correlates with _____.
A)asthma, high blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol
B)longer life span than the previous generation
C)participation in organized sports teams
D)increases in school achievement, self-esteem, and sociability
A)asthma, high blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol
116
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What causes childhood obesity?
A)heredity alone
B)parenting practices exclusively
C)social influences entirely
D)a combination of contributing factors
```
D)a combination of contributing factors
117
```
A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that makes breathing difficult is _____.
A)asthma
B)respiratory syndrome
C)obstructive pulmonary disease
D)bronchiolitis
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A)asthma
118
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A child's ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others is known as _____.
A)rehearsal
B)myelination of neural axons
C)automatization
D)selective attention
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D)selective attention
119
In intelligence testing, mental age refers to the _____.
A)average chronological age of children who answer a certain number of questions correctly
B)chronological age of the child taking the test
C)number of items on the test divided by the age of the children who took the test
D)intelligence quotient for a specific child
A)average chronological age of children who answer a certain number of questions correctly
120
The developmental psychopathology perspective assumes that _____.
A) abnormality is normal
B) disability remains the same over time
C) adulthood should be better
D) diagnosis depends on socioeconomic status
A) abnormality is normal
121
Which of the following is one of the lessons of developmental psychopathology that applies to all children?
A) Abnormality is a problem that must be addressed immediately.
B) Childhood disabilities worsen during adolescence and adulthood.
C) Abnormality is unusual.
D) Disability changes year by year.
D) Disability changes year by year.
122
A diagnosis of ADHD indicates that a child _____.
A) has an IQ below normal
B) has at least an average IQ
C) is unable to function socially
D) is inattentive, impulsive, and overactive
D) is inattentive, impulsive, and overactive
123
Specific learning disorder refers to _____.
A) mental retardation
B) a pervasive developmental delay
C) a marked deficit in a particular area of learning
D) Asperger syndrome
C) a marked deficit in a particular area of learning
124
A document that specifies educational goals and plans for a child with special needs is referred to as a(n) _____.
A) individual education plan (IEP)
B) least restrictive environment (LRE)
C) inclusion document
D) mainstreaming environmental plan (MEP)
A) individual education plan (IEP)
125
Gifted typically refers to children _____.
A) who excel on at least 8 of the 10 WISC subsets
B) with higher than normal achievement scores
C) with very high IQ scores
D) with a lack of divergent thinking
C) with very high IQ scores
126
The ratio between a person's heigh and weight is expressed as ____
A) HWP
B) APGAR
C) BMW
D) BMI
D) BMI
127
Which of the following is most often seen in children who are obese?
A) low blood pressure
B) increase psychopathology
C) high levels of cholesterol
D) increased chance of becoming a bully
C) high levels of cholesterol
128
Which activity, when a daily part of a child's life, is most associated with health problems later in life?
A) playing outside about about an hour
B) watching about 4 hours of TV
C) playing about 1 hour of video games
D) eating three meals
B) watching about 4 hours of TV
