Chapter 20 Practice test

Question 1

range from 1 cm to 0.3 mm in diameter and supply groups of organs, individual organs, and parts of organs

Answer 1

Muscular arteries

Question 2

The fallowing are function sod what? removal of nitrogenous wastes from the body, in the kidneys and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and receiving digested nutrients in the small intestine and picking up hormones from endocrine glands

Answer 2

Site-specific capillaries

Question 3

In fetal circulation, __________ shunt blood away from pulmonary circulation.

Answer 3

the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale

Question 4

When cross-sections of several different types of arteries are examined under a microscope, muscular arteries can be distinguished by the presence of __________.

Answer 4

a thicker tunica media relative to the size of the artery, and both an internal and an external elastic lamina

Question 5

Larger __________ are the smallest type of blood vessel to contain all three tunics.

Answer 5

arterioles

Question 6

__________ veins are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood.

Answer 6

pulmonary

Question 7

__________ are wide, leaky capillaries that occur in regions where there is exchange of large materials, such as proteins or cells, between blood and tissue.

Answer 7

sinusoids

Question 8

The arteries most directly supplying the occipital lobes and inferior and middle temporal lobes are the __________.

Answer 8

posterior cerebral arteries

Question 9

occur where there are high rates of exchange of small molecules between blood and tissue fluid
and have “pores” that span the endothelial cells

Answer 9

Fenestrated capillaries

Question 10

A saclike widening and weakening along an artery is a/an __________.

Answer 10

Aneurysm

Question 11

are small vessels within the tunica externa of large arteries and veins

Answer 11

Vasa vasorum

Question 12

The first capillary bed of the hepatic portal system is located in the __________, and the second capillary bed is located in the __________.

Answer 12

stomach and intestines / liver

Question 13

The __________ vein ascends along the center of the thoracic vertebral bodies (inside the thoracic cavity) and joins the superior vena cava at the level of T4.

Answer 13

azygos

Question 14

The inferior phrenic artery supplies the inferior surface of the __________.

Answer 14

diaphragm

Question 15

pectoralis muscles and deltoid muscle:artery

Answer 15

thoracoacromial artery

Question 16

anterior arm muscles:artery

Answer 16

brachial artery

Question 17

lateral anterior forearm muscles:artery

Answer 17

radial artery

Question 18

latissimus dorsi muscle; dorsal and ventral scapular regions:artery

Answer 18

subscapular artery

Question 19

breast artery

Answer 19

lateral thoracic artery

Question 20

fingers artery

Answer 20

digital arteries

Question 21

A blockage in the external iliac artery would impair blood flow to the __________.

Answer 21

muscles of the thigh and leg

Question 22

If capillaries fail to develop in a certain location, this condition is called an __________.

Answer 22

arteriovenous malformation

Question 23

Veins entering the right atrium include the __________.

Answer 23

superior and inferior venae cavae and the coronary sinus

Question 24

ascends through the anterolateral side of the arm and ends inferior to the clavicle, where it joints the axillary vein

Answer 24

The cephalic vein is a superficial vein

Question 25

Methods by which veins counteract low venous pressure and help move the blood back to the heart include __________.

Answer 25

valves and the skeletal muscle pump

Question 26

liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and stomach

Answer 26

celiac trunk

Question 27

most of the small intestines and proximal half of the large intestine :artery

Answer 27

superior mesenteric artery

Question 28

adrenal glands :artery

Answer 28

suprarenal arteries

Question 29

distal half of the large intestine :artery

Answer 29

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 30

kidneys :artery

Answer 30

renal arteries

Question 31

anterior abdominal wall, pelvic organs, and lower limbs :artery

Answer 31

common iliac arteries

Question 32

The gonadal arteries are specifically called __________ arteries in males.

Answer 32

testicular

Question 33

If the __________ pulse is absent, it may indicate atherosclerosis in the femoral artery.

Answer 33

popliteal

Question 34

The __________ vein returns oxygenated blood to the fetus, delivering some of it to the portal vein for nutrient processing by liver cells.

Answer 34

umbilical

Question 35

Which veins most often provide emergency pathways through which blood can return to the heart in portal hypertension?

Answer 35

veins of the inferior esophagus, hemorrhoidal veins of the anal canal, and superficial veins of the anterior abdominal wall

Question 36

What is the most dangerous symptom (and risk) of portal hypertension brought about by cirrhosis of the liver?

Answer 36

bursting of veins in the inferior esophagus

Question 37

Which of the following are branches of the celiac trunk?

Answer 37

eft gastric, splenic, common hepatic, and left gastroepiploic arteries superior pancreaticoduodenal, right gastroepiploic, and gastroduodenal artery

Question 38

The diameter of arterioles is regulated by __________.

Answer 38

local factors in tissues signaling smooth muscle cells to contract or relax

Question 39

Which of the following is true of atherosclerosis or its treatment?

Answer 39

accumulation of foam cells initiates the fatty streak stage vessel walls expand outward at first to accommodate plaques