Chapter 22 Practice test

Question 1

Where does external respiration take place?

Answer 1

between oxygen in alveoli and the capillaries in the lungs

Question 2

ithin what respiratory structure does the epithelium change from stratified squamous to pseudostratified ciliated columnar?

Answer 2

the larynx

Question 3

Central chemoreceptors are located in the __________.

Answer 3

reticular formation of the medulla oblongata

Question 4

__________ is a slippery substance secreted in the lungs that reduces surface tension and prevents collapse of the alveoli

Answer 4

Surfactant

Question 5

__________ tonsils are located in the nasopharynx.

Answer 5

Pharyngeal

Question 6

The __________ is a cartilaginous flap that prevents food or liquid from going into the lower respiratory tubes.

Answer 6

epiglottis

Question 7

What are the roles of the peripheral chemoreceptors of the respiratory system? (Click on all correct answers for full credit.)

Answer 7

They sense falling concentrations of O2 or rising levels of CO2. They signal the respiratory center to increase the rate and depth of
breathing when the blood is too acidic.

Question 8

What is the function of type II alveolar cells?

Answer 8

to secrete surfactant

Question 9

In blowing out a candle, which respiratory muscles would you be using?

Answer 9

primarily the external and internal oblique muscles and the

transversus abdominis

Question 10

The __________ lifts superiorly to close off the nasopharynx.

Answer 10

uvula

Question 11

The smallest subdivision of the lung that can be seen with the unaided eye is the __________.

Answer 11

lobule

Question 12

__________ are the main sites of gas exchange.

Answer 12

alveoli

Question 13

The nasopharynx and larynx serve as passageways for __________.

Answer 13

air

Question 14

The __________ are the most important of the three small cartilages just superior to the cricoid cartilage, because they anchor the vocal folds.

Answer 14

arytenoids

Question 15

respond to inhaled antigens; located in nasopharynx and oropharynx

Answer 15

tonsils

Question 16

air passageway; prevents food from entering lower respiratory tract; involved in voice production

Answer 16

larynx

Question 17

produce lubricating fluid and compartmentalize the thoracic cavity

Answer 17

pleurae

Question 18

small air chambers; walls consist of simple squamous epithelium.

Answer 18

alveoli

Question 19

air passageway; continuous with the nasal cavity through the posterior nasal apertures; epithelium is pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Answer 19

nasopharynx

Question 20

branch from the trachea at the level of T7 in living individuals; run obliquely through the mediastinum

Answer 20

primary bronchi

Question 21

Your patient recently had surgery on his aortic arch. Since then, he has experienced a hoarse voice. What can you tell him about why he sounds like he has a sore throat?

Answer 21

During the surgery, surgeons may have damaged his left recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Question 22

The medial opening between the right and left vocal folds is called the __________.

Answer 22

rima glottidis

Question 23

Which of the following is true of pleurisy?

Answer 23

The pain of pleurisy originates from the parietal pleura only.

Question 24

What is the role of alveolar macrophages in the lungs?

Answer 24

removal of tiny inhaled particles

Question 25

Which structures are important for shaping sounds into recognizable consonants and vowels?

Answer 25

pharynx, tongue, soft palate, and lips

Question 26

collapse of a lung from airway obstruction or pleural effusion

Answer 26

atelectasis

Question 27

viral-induced inflammation that causes the air passageways to narrow; characterized by a cough that sounds like a barking dog

Answer 27

croup

Question 28

respiratory infection caused by a new coronavirus; infections jumped from animal hosts to humans; identified in spring 2003

Answer 28

severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS)

Question 29

characterized by permanent enlargement of the alveoli caused by deterioration of the alveolar walls; related to smoking

Answer 29

obstructive emphysema

Question 30

allergic inflammation that may be triggered by inhaling substances to which the sufferer is allergic; mast cells stimulate contraction of the bronchial smooth musculature and secretion of mucus

Answer 30

bronchial asthma

Question 31

an inherited condition in which the functions of exocrine glands are disrupted throughout thebody; affects the respiratory system by causing an over-secretion of viscous mucus that clogs respiratory passageways

Answer 31

cystic fibrosis

Question 32

On the mediastinal surface of each lung, there is an indentation called the __________.

Answer 32

hilum

Question 33

the proximal part of the laryngotracheal bud forms the __________.

Answer 33

trachea

Question 34

Premature infants born before 26 weeks of gestation are severely threatened by respiratory distress syndrome resulting from inadequate production of __________.

Answer 34

surfactant

Question 35

As inspiratory muscles relax, the diaphragm moves superiorly. Simultaneously, what other event occurs?

Answer 35

volumes of the thorax and lungs decrease, which increases pressure and pushes the air out

Question 36

The smooth muscle along the posterior surface of the trachea is the __________.

Answer 36

trachealis

Question 37

Which of the following changes that occurs along the airway from the trachea to the bronchioles is the most important for regulating the amount of air entering the alveoli?

Answer 37

smooth muscle forms helical bands that wrap around smaller bronchi and bronchioles

Question 38

Branches of the pulmonary arteries generally lie __________ to the corresponding bronchi.

Answer 38

posterior

Question 39

Which of the following is not a lobe of the lung?

Answer 39

left middle