chapter 21

Question 1

The nurse understands that the best position for administration of an enema is?

Answer 1

left lateral position

because the sigmoid colon lies on the left side of the lower abdomen.

Question 2

oxygen and nutrients are supplied to the stomach by —- and the intestine by —

Answer 2

stomach by the gastric artery

intestine by the mesenteric arteries

Question 3

what is the largest serous membrane in the body?

Answer 3

the peritoneum

in the abdominal cavity

Question 4

The large intestine

Answer 4

ascending segment on the right side of the abdomen
transverse segment extends from right to left in the upper abdomen
descending segment on the left side of the abdomen
sigmoid colon, rectum and the anus completes the terminal portion.

Question 5

organ that is situated in the left upper portion of the abdomen under the left lobe of the liver and the diaphragm, overlaying most of the pancreas.

Answer 5

stomach

Question 6

what is the inlet to the stomach

Answer 6

gastroesophageal junction

Question 7

which portion of the stomach controls the opening between the stomach and small intestine

Answer 7

pyloric sphincter.

Question 8

what is the purpose of the small intestine?

Answer 8

secretion

absorption: process by which nutrients enter the bloodstream through the intestinal walls.

Question 9

what controls the flow of digested material from the ileum into the cecal portion of the large intestine and prevents reflux of bacterial into the small intestine?

Answer 9

ileocecal valve.

Question 10

sections of the small intestine

Answer 10

Duodenum: most proximal section, common bile duct and pancreatic duct enter at the ampulla of vater.
Jejunum: the middle section
ileum: distal section.

Question 11

what is attached to the cecum?

Answer 11

vermiform appendix

has little or no physiologic function

Question 12

A double layer of peritoneum that encircles internal organs such as the intestines and contains blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels?

Answer 12

mesentery

Question 13

a fold of mesentery that passes from the stomach to organs in the abdominal cavity.it a sheet that has mobility, cushions the abdominal organs against injury and provides insulation against loss of body heat.

Answer 13

omentum

Question 14

sympathetic effect on the GI tract

Answer 14

inhibitory effect
decreasing gastric secretion and motility
causing the sphincters and blood vessels to constrict.

Question 15

parasympathetic nerve stimulation effect on the GI tract

Answer 15

causes peristalsis
increases secretory activities
sphincters relax.
EXCEPT for the sphincters of the upper esophagus and the external anal sphincter, which are under voluntary control

Question 16

absence of intrinsic factor in the stomach

Answer 16

Vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed in the ileum.

pernicious anemia is the results.

Question 17

functions of hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Answer 17

break down food into more absorbable components.

aid in the destruction of most ingested bacteria

Question 18

which enzyme begins the digestion of starches?

Answer 18

Ptyalin or salivary amylase

Question 19

Pepsin

Answer 19

important enzyme for protein digestion.

end product of the conversion of pepsinogen from the chief cells

Question 20

secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

Answer 20

Bile

aids in emulsifying ingested fats, making them easier to digest and absorb.

Question 21

fats, proteins, carbohydrates, sodium and chloride are absorbed in what portion of the small intestine?

Answer 21

jejunum

Question 22

B12 and bile salts are absorbed where

Answer 22

ileum

Question 23

what is the primary function of the colon?

Answer 23

reabsorption of water and electrolytes -

Question 24

organ located behind the ribs in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity.

Answer 24

Liver

under normal conditions cannot be palpated as it lies behind the rib cage.

Question 25

functions off the liver

Answer 25

glucose metabolism
conversion of ammonia to urea
protein metabolism
fat metabolism
vitamin and iron storage
drug metabolism
bile formation 
bilirubin excretion

Question 26

The blood the perfuses the liver comes from

Answer 26

portal vein, which drains the GI tract and is rich in nutrients.
hepatic artery and is rich in O2

Question 27

icterus

Answer 27

yellowing of the sclera due to jaundice

bilirubin build up

Question 28

what will be noted in a stool if the bile is prevented from entering the small intestine?

Answer 28

clay colored stool

Question 29

endocrine function of the pancreas

Answer 29

secretion of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin

Question 30

exocrine function of the pancreas

Answer 30

secretion of pancreatic enzymes

Question 31

high-pitched, high-frequency bowel sounds and abdominal cramping are suggestive of?

Answer 31

partial intestinal obstruction