Chapter 21-Cardiovascular System

Question 1

plasma

Answer 1

liquid that is left behind when cellular component of blood is removed, contains clotting factor

Question 2

serum

Answer 2

plasma with clotting factor removed

Question 3

lymph

Answer 3

liquid that escapes the blood vessels because endothelial cell lining is loose

Question 4

lymphatic system

Answer 4

absorbs escaped liquids and filters through lymph nodes

Question 5

septicemia

Answer 5

presence of pathogens or toxins in the blood

Question 6

sepsis

Answer 6

body’s inflammatory response to a pathogen

Question 7

severe sepsis

Answer 7

inflammation is uncontrolled and very harmful

Question 8

endocarditis

Answer 8

inflammation of endocardium

Question 9

endocarditis portal of entry

Answer 9

injections, dental procedures, tattoos, piercings, surgery

Question 10

endocarditis signs and symptoms

Answer 10

tachycardia

Question 11

endocarditis causative agent

Answer 11

any bacteria

Question 12

endocarditis susceptibility factors

Answer 12

suppressed immune system, heart surgery, congenital heart disorders

Question 13

endocarditis treatment

Answer 13

antibiotics; prophylactic antibiotics before surgeries

Question 14

anthrax causative agent

Answer 14

Bacillus anthracis

Question 15

Bacillus anthracis

Answer 15

causative agent of anthrax; Gram + rod, endospore forming

Question 16

anthrax virulence factor

Answer 16

exotoxins

Question 17

cutaneous anthrax

Answer 17

minor cut, 20% mortality, eschar (black lesion)

Question 18

gastrointestinal anthrax

Answer 18

contaminated, under-cooked food; ulcerative lesions in GI tract; 50% mortality

Question 19

inhalational anthrax

Answer 19

inhalation of spores, bacteremia leads to septic shock and death; 100% mortality

Question 20

plague causative agent

Answer 20

Yersinia pestis

Question 21

Yersinia pestis

Answer 21

causative agent of plague; Gram - rod

Question 22

plague reservoir

Answer 22

rats, ground squirrels, and prairie dogs

Question 23

plague vector

Answer 23

Xenopsylla cheopsis (flea)

Question 24

bubonic plague

Answer 24

not transmissible, can progress to pneumonic plague, swollen lymph nodes (buboes)

Question 25

bubonic plague portal of entry

Answer 25

flea bite

Question 26

bubonic plague signs and symptoms

Answer 26

black tissue

Question 27

bubonic plague time for infection

Answer 27

1-7 days

Question 28

pneumonic plague

Answer 28

highly contagious

Question 29

pneumonic plague portal of entry

Answer 29

inhalation

Question 30

pneumonic plague signs and symptoms

Answer 30

bloody sputum

Question 31

plague treatment and prevention

Answer 31

antibiotics; rodent control

Question 32

pneumonic plague time for infection

Answer 32

1-4 days, hours

Question 33

lyme disease signs and symptoms

Answer 33

bull's eye rash, irregular heartbeat, encephalitis, arthritis

Question 34

lyme disease causative agent

Answer 34

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 35

Borrelia burgdorferi

Answer 35

causative agent of lyme disease, spirochete

Question 36

lyme disease reservoir

Answer 36

deer

Question 37

lyme disease vector

Answer 37

ticks

Question 38

lyme disease prevention

Answer 38

tick repellent

Question 39

malaria

Answer 39

infects red blood cells, forms rings on red blood cells (must be bitten twice)

Question 40

malaria causative agents

Answer 40

Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium falciparum

Question 41

Plasmodium falciparum

Answer 41

causative agent of malaria; causes cerebral malaria, fatal within 24 hours

Question 42

malaria vector

Answer 42

Anopheles (female mosquito)

Question 43

malaria signs and symptoms

Answer 43

fever, chills, anemia

Question 44

Schistosomiasis causative agent

Answer 44

Schistosoma (helminth)

Question 45

helminth

Answer 45

worm

Question 46

Schistosomiasis portal of entry

Answer 46

larvae burrow through skin

Question 47

Schistosomiasis signs and symptoms

Answer 47

splenomagaly, renal failure, heart failure

Question 48

Schistosomiasis prevention

Answer 48

avoid swimming in freshwater, boil water

Question 49

Mononucleosis causative agent

Answer 49

Epstein-Barr virus, human herpes virus 4

Question 50

mononucleosis symptoms

Answer 50

splenomegaly

Question 51

mononucleosis transmission

Answer 51

saliva