CHAPTER 22 PART TWO Flashcards
Today organic chemistry includes the Chemistry of almost all _____________
Carbon compounds regardless of their origin
The simplest organic compounds contain only carbon and hydrogen and are called ____________
Hydrocarbons
The two simplest hydrocarbons are _____________
Methane CH⁴ and Ethane C²H⁶
How is methane formed?
By the action of bacteria on decaying plants in swamps and other marshy areas
Because carbon has four valence electrons a ___________________
Carbon atoms always forms four covalent bonds
Methane isn’t typical of the vast majority of compounds because _____________
There isn’t a bond between carbon atoms in a methane molecule
What are alkanes
Hydrocarbons in which there are only single covalent bonds
In alkanes all carbon-carbon bonds are _______________ and all other bonds are _____________
Single covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Alkanes have the general formula
CnH2n + 2 (C2H6)
What is ethane? (Many definitions may be acceptable)
The simplest of the straight chain alkanes, which contain any number of carbon atoms, one after the other in a chain
What is a homologous series
A constant increment of change in molecular structure from one compound in the series to the next.
Every alkane has a name that ends with the suffix _____
-ane
In a condensed formula __________
Some bonds and/or atoms are left out of the structural formula.
Because a carbon atoms form four covalent bonds ________
It can bond not only to one or two other carbon atoms, but also to three or even four other carbons resulting in branched chains
What is a substituent?
A atom or group of atoms that can take the place of a hydrogen atom on a parent hydrocarbon molecule
What is the parent alkane?
The longest continuous carbon chain of a branched chain hydrocarbon
What is an alkyl group
A hydrocarbon substituent
How are alkyl groups named
By removing the -ane ending from the parent hydrocarbon name and adding -yl
What are the three smallest alkyl groups
Methyl group (CH3–)
Ethyl group (CH3CH2–)
Propyl group (CH3CH2CH2–)
An alkyl group consists of an alkane with ____________
One hydrogen removed
When a substituent alkyl group is attached to a straight chain hydrocarbon ____________
Branches are formed
An alkane with one or more alkyl groups is called a __________
Branches chain alkane
Molecules of hydrocarbons such as alkanes are __________
Nonpolar molecules
The nonpolar hydrocarbon compounds will not form solutions with ______
Polar compounds
