Chapter 23 Flashcards
What is the natural source of anthrax?
The natural source of anthrax is the soil, where the bacterium Bacillus anthracis is found.
What are the three different manifestations of anthrax infections? Which form is the most serious threat to the infected host?
Three manifestations:
1. Cutaneous anthrax
2. Gastrointestinal anthrax
3. Inhalational (pulmonary) anthrax
- Inhalational anthrax is the most serious and potentially fatal form, with near 100% mortality if not treated.
Which body organ is affected by lymphangitis? What is the sign that indicates lymphangitis?
- Lymphangitis affects the lymph vessels.
- The sign indicating lymphangitis is inflamed lymph vessels.
What is the term ‘puerperal’ linked to?
Puerperal is linked to childbirth fever, specifically to puerperal sepsis or puerperal fever.
What is the mechanism that leads to rheumatic fever?
- Rheumatic fever is an autoimmune complication of Streptococcus pyogenes infections.
- It involves inflammation of the heart valves due to an immune reaction against streptococcal M protein.
What is the source of the bacterium that causes gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens, the bacterium that causes gas gangrene, is found in necrotic tissue.
What is the toxin that causes gangrene?
Gangrene is caused by toxins produced by Clostridium perfringens, including phospholipase C (PLC) and perfringolysin O (PFO).
ASK GLOVER: Is Clostridium pefringens the toxin that causes it or are phospholipase C and perfringolysin O the toxins that cause it?
How is ischemia linked to gangrene?
Ischemia, which is the loss of blood supply to tissue, is linked to gangrene as it can lead to the death of tissue.
AKA both lead to death of tissue
How does gas gangrene spread?
Gas gangrene spreads by the production of toxins that move along muscle bundles.
What is the animal reservoir for the microorganism that causes the plague?
The animal reservoir for Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes the plague, includes rats, ground squirrels, and prairie dogs.
What are the most common forms of the plague?
Bubonic plague
ASK GLOVER: When you say “most common forms of the plague”, are you asking for the three (Bubonic Plague, Septecimic Plague, Pneumonic Plague) or are you asking which of the three is the most common?
What is a buboe?
A buboe is a swollen and inflamed lymph node
What is the distinct sign that indicates Lyme disease?
A bull’s-eye rash, which is a circular rash with a central clearing.
What is the vector that transmits Lyme disease?
Lyme disease is transmitted by the Ixodes tick, particularly in its nymphal stage.
What are two diseases associated with Epstein-Barr virus? Which of these diseases is more common in the United States?
Two diseases associated with Epstein-Barr virus are:
1. Burkitt’s lymphoma
2. Infectious mononucleosis.
* Infectious mononucleosis is more common in the United States.
