Chapter 23

Question 1

afferent arteriole

Answer 1

the blood vessel that carries blood into golmerulus

Question 2

The renal pyramids and renal columns make up the layer of the kidney called

Answer 2

the renal medulla

Question 3

Functions of the kidneys

Answer 3

• filtering blood to remove metabolic waste
• regulations of electrolyte balance
• site of calcitrol activation

Question 4

List, in order, the structures through which a drop of urine will flow after it drains from a renal papilla

Answer 4

• minor calyx
• major calyx
• renal pelvis
• ureter

Question 5

mesangial cells

Answer 5

cells between arterioles and amongst glomerular capillaries

Question 6

juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 6

smooth muscle cells within wall of afferent arteriole

Question 7

macula densa

Answer 7

epithelial cells at end of nephron loop

Question 8

The glomerulus is a be dog capillaries surrounded by a

Answer 8

glomerular capsule

Question 9

angiotensinogen

Answer 9

the plasma protein that is converted by renin to angiotensin I.

Question 10

The kidneys play a major role in the regulation of ______ and _______

Answer 10

acid-base balance; electrolytes

Question 11

Together, a renal corpuscle and its renal tubules form a

Answer 11

nephron

Question 12

Solutes that are reabsorbed from the nephron loop

Answer 12

sodium, potassium, and chloride

Question 13

renal tubule

Answer 13

length of the tube that includes the proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

Question 14

Urine is conveyed out of the body by a tube called

Answer 14

the urethra

Question 15

List some variables that affect the glomerular filtration rate

Answer 15

• surface area available for filtration

- permeability of filtration membrane

Question 16

List the order of arteries carrying blood from the renal artery into the renal cortex

Answer 16

• renal artery
• segmental artery
• arcuate artery
• cortical radiate artery

Question 17

List the order of urine-collecting structures found within the renal sinus

Answer 17

minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter

Question 18

In glomerular filtration, ____ is filtered to form ________

Answer 18

plasma; filtrate

Question 19

The renal pelvis funnels urine into the tube called

Answer 19

the ureter

Question 20

The ____ of the kidney is the inner layer; while the ____ is the layer surrounding it

Answer 20

medulla; cortex

Question 21

Clearing aspirin, penicillin, and other drugs from the blood stream via the kidneys are examples of tubular _____

Answer 21

secretion

Question 22

The kidneys regulate blood volume and blood pressure by

Answer 22

regulating water output

Question 23

List the components of a renal corpuscle

Answer 23

• glomerulus

- glomerular capsule

Question 24

List the 3 segments of the male urethra

Answer 24

• membranous urethra
• prostatic urethra
• spongy urethra

Question 25

List in order, front he blood side to the capsular space, the structures through which any filtered substances must pass

Answer 25

- fenestrated endothelium - basement membrane - filtration slits

Question 26

Nephrons classified as ____ nephrons have short nephron loops and have their renal corpuscles near the kidney surface

Answer 26

cortical

Question 27

The process of separating wastes from body fluids and eliminating them from the body is called

Answer 27

excretion

Question 28

The functional unit of the kidney is called the

Answer 28

nephron

Question 29

The bladder can be described as

Answer 29

a muscular sac on the floor of the pelvic cavity, inferior to the peritoneum and posterior to the pubic symphysis

Question 30

In the kidney, the process by which fluid and solutes from the tubular fluid are moved to the blood is called tubular

Answer 30

reabsorption

Question 31

Activation of the renin-angiotension mechanism initiates changes that will result in

Answer 31

an increase in blood pressure

Question 32

Describe the location of the kidneys

Answer 32

retroperitoneal at the level of T12 to L3

Question 33

Glomerular filtration rate

Answer 33

the combined amount of filtrate formed per minute by the two kidneys

Question 34

Renal clearance is the net effect of

Answer 34

tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion, glomerular filtration

Question 35

When there is a drop in blood pressure, the juxtaglomerular cells respond by

Answer 35

secreting renin

Question 36

List some effects of activation of the renin-angiotensis system

Answer 36

- vasoconstriction - increased water retention - increased blood pressure

Question 37

List some hormones that regular the amount of water and salts that is reabsorbed by the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

Answer 37

- aldosterone - antidiuretic hormone - atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 38

The renin-angiotensin mechanism is activated when blood pressure

Answer 38

decreases

Question 39

Nephrons classified as ________ nephrons have long nephron loops that extend deep into the medulla

Answer 39

juxtamedullary

Question 40

Filtration pressure at a glomerulus is determined by the balance of ______ pressure and ______ pressure

Answer 40

hydrostatic; colloid osmotic

Question 41

List renal tubular segments that are influenced by aldosterone

Answer 41

- ascending limb of nephron loop - collecting duct - distal convoluted tubule

Question 42

From deepest to most superficial, list the layers of connect tissue that surrounds the kidney

Answer 42

- fibrous capsule - perirenal fat capsule - renal fascia

Question 43

List 2 examples of nitrogenous wastes that are excreted by the kidneys

Answer 43

- creatinine | - urea

Question 44

Describe the ureters

Answer 44

convey urine from kidney to bladder