Chapter 23 Flashcards
reduced form of FAD that carries energy from the citric acid cylce to the ETC and fuels ATP production
FADH2
•All metabolic reactions in which large biochemical molecules are broken down to smaller ones
–Usually energy is released in these reactions
–Example: Oxidation of glucose
Catabolism
Anabolism
•All metabolic reactions in which small biochemical molecules are joined to form larger ones
–Usually require energy
–Example: The synthesis of proteins
organelle
•Sites for protein synthesis
ribosome
organelle
•The water-based material of a cell
cytoplasm
functions as a source of a phosphate group and a source of energy
ATP
metabolism
Sum total of all chemical reactions in a living organism.
provides the source of energy we need for all our activities such as thinking, moving, breathing, walking, talking, etc.
Energy is also need for many of the cellular processes such as protein synthesis, DNA replication, RNA transcription and transport across the membrane
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
type of Nucleotide Triphosphate involved in metabolism
•involved in protein and carbohydrate metabolism
lysosome
organelle
•Contain hydrolytic enzymes needed for cell rebuilding, repair and degradation
organelle
•Contain hydrolytic enzymes needed for cell rebuilding, repair and degradation
lysosome
coenzyme A
CoA-SH
a derivative of vitamin B and it transfers acetyl gorups in metabolism. the acetyl group bonds to this with a thioester bond to give acetyl CoA
•An organelle that is responsible for the generation of most of the energy for a cell:
–Outer membrane: Permeable to small molecules: 50% lipid, 50% protein
–Inner membrane: Highly impermeable to most substances: 20% lipid, 80% protein
–Inner membrane folded to increase surface area
–Synthesis of ATP occurs on the inner membrane
mitochondria
Sum total of all chemical reactions in a living organism.
provides the source of energy we need for all our activities such as thinking, moving, breathing, walking, talking, etc.
Energy is also need for many of the cellular processes such as protein synthesis, DNA replication, RNA transcription and transport across the membrane
metabolism
•All metabolic reactions in which small biochemical molecules are joined to form larger ones
–Usually require energy
–Example: The synthesis of proteins
Anabolism
Series of consecutive biochemical reactions used to convert a starting material into an end product
2 types: linear and cyclic
metabolic pathway
type of Nucleotide Triphosphate involved in metabolism
•involved in protein and carbohydrate metabolism
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
prokaryotic cell
•Single compartment organism
–No nucleus – found only in bacteria
–Single circular DNA molecule present near center of the cell called nucleoid
ribosome
organelle
•Sites for protein synthesis
a derivative of vitamin B and it transfers acetyl gorups in metabolism. the acetyl group bonds to this with a thioester bond to give acetyl CoA
coenzyme A
CoA-SH
type of Nucleotide Triphosphate involved in metabolism
involved in lipid metabolism
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)
FADH2
reduced form of FAD that carries energy from the citric acid cylce to the ETC and fuels ATP production
Uridine triphosphate (UTP)
type of Nucleotide Triphosphate involved in metabolism
•involved in carbohydrate metabolism
eukaryotic cell
•Multi-compartment cell
–DNA is present in the membrane enclosed nucleus
–Cell is compartmentalized into cellular organelles
–~1000 times larger than bacterial cells
coenzyme that srves as an oxidizing agent and helps convert an alkane to an alkene
FAD
