Chapter 23 cards Flashcards
(31 cards)
transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring through genes
Heredity
units of genetic information, in the chromosomes of the cells
Genes
process by which a cell turns into a different cell
Differentiation-
mating must occur between the male and female of the same kind
Sexual reproduction
46 chromosomes; but the gametes of the parents each contain only 23 chromosomes
Somatic cell
undergo a specially designed type of cell division called meiosis
Germ cells
reduction division
Meiosis
egg and a sperm unite in the process of fertilization
Zygote
sperm cell contains half the usual number of chromosomes
Haploid set
egg cell contains half, the zygote contains the complete number of chromosomes
Diploid set
source of biological variation; spindle fibers attach to centromeres, and homologous pairs line up at the cell’s equator
Recombination
Father of Genetics, created the law of dominance
Gregor Mendel
scientific study of heredity
Genetics
different forms of a particular trait
Alleles
two alleles for the seed color gene in pea plants are yellow and green
Homozygous
one allele is different from the other
Heterozygous
show up in the offspring even if an allele for a different trait is also present
Dominant traits
trait that does not show up when the dominant allele is present
Recessive trait
combination of alleles inherited for a particular trait
Genotype
outcome or expression of the genes in the physical appearance of the individual
Phenotype
chart that helps us to visualize all the possible combinations of alleles that could result in the offspring
Punnett square
organism with two different alleles for a particular trait
Hybrid
states that alleles for each trait segregate or separate randomly during the formation of gametes
Law of segregation
mixing or blending of traits
Incomplete dominance
