Chapter 24.2 Part 2

Question 1

What percentage of lymphocytes in the blood are natural killer?

Answer 1

About 5-10%

Question 2

Destroy microbes & tumor cells, present in lymph nodes & red bone marrow

Answer 2

Natural killer cells (NK)

Question 3

Defense response of the body tissue damage?

Answer 3

Inflammation

Question 4

Inflammation helps restore?

Answer 4

Homeostasis

Question 5

Four signs and symptoms of inflammation are?

Answer 5

Redness, heat, swelling and pain.

Question 6

Pocket of dead cells=

Answer 6

Pus

Question 7

Damage to tissue, mast cells in connective tissue and basophils and plates release?

Answer 7

Histamine

Question 8

Increased permeability of capillaries causes leakage of clotting proteins into tissues, the resulting clot may..

Answer 8

Isolate the invading microbes and toxins.

Question 9

Shortly after the inflammatory process starts..

Answer 9

Phagocytes are attracted to the site of injury (neutrophils & macrophages)

Question 10

Forms a physical barrier to the entrance of microbes.

Answer 10

Epidermis of skin

Question 11

Inhibit the entrance of many microbes, but not as effective as intact skin.

Answer 11

Mucous membrane

Question 12

Tears dilute and wash away irritating substances and microbes

Answer 12

Lacrimal apparatus

Question 13

Antimicrobial substances in perspiration, tears, saliva, and tissue fluids.

Answer 13

Lysozyme

Question 14

Abnormally high body temperature that occurs because the hypothalamic thermostat is reset

Answer 14

Fever

Question 15

Intensifies the effects of interferons, inhibits growth of some microbes, speed up body reactions that aid repair

Answer 15

Fever

Question 16

Fever causing substances from macrophages?

Answer 16

Inteleukin-1

Question 17

Any substance such as microbes, foods, drugs, pollen or tissue

Answer 17

Antigen

Question 18

Includes cell tissues that carry out immune responses.

Answer 18

Immune system

Question 19

Normally a persons adaptive immune system cells recognize and do not attack there own tissues and..

Answer 19

Self-tolerant

Question 20

Cells that carry out adaptive immune responses are lymphocytes called?

Answer 20

B cells and T cells

Question 21

B and T cells originate in..

Answer 21

Red bone marrow

Question 22

Molecules capable of recognizing and binding to specific antigens

Answer 22

Antigen receptors

Question 23

T cells that directly attack invading antigen

Answer 23

Cell-mediated immune response

Question 24

Aid- both cell and antibody mediated responses.

Answer 24

Helper T cells

Question 25

Located on plasma membrane surface of most body cells are protein “self antigens” known as

Answer 25

Major histicompatibility complex (MHC) antigens

Question 26

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is unique to each individual unless?

Answer 26

You have a identical twin

Question 27

Reasons why tissues may be rejected when they are transplanted from one person to another?

Answer 27

MHC antigens

Question 28

Invest and digest the antigen into fragments in vesicles.

Answer 28

Antigen presenting cell

Question 29

Co-stimulator to T cells is

Answer 29

Inteluekin-1

Question 30

T cells divided many times the resulting population of identical cells, termed

Answer 30

Clone

Question 31

Three types of major T cells?

Answer 31

Helper T cells, cytotoxin T cells, memory T cells.

Question 32

Helper T cells release

Answer 32

IL2, attract phagocytes, stimulate macrophages and B cells.

Question 33

To reduce risk of rejection, organ transplants receive

Answer 33

Immunosuppressive drugs

Question 34

Derived from fungus, inhibits secretion of interleukin-2 by helper T cells.

Answer 34

Cyclosporine

Question 35

Work against tumor cells transplanted cells and infected cells, recognize and bind to infected target cells

Answer 35

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 36

Remain in lymphatic system tissue long after the original infection and are able to recognize the original

Answer 36

Memory T cells

Question 37

Virus that destroys T cells

Answer 37

HIV

Question 38

Ready to respond quickly if antigen met again

Answer 38

Memory B cells

Question 39

The binding of a antibody to its antigen neutralizes some bacterial toxins and prevents attachment of some viruses

Answer 39

Neutralizing antigen

Question 40

Some antibodies cause bacteria to lose their motility, which limits bacterial spread into nearby tissues

Answer 40

Immobilizing bacteria

Question 41

Connect pathogens to one another

Answer 41

Agglutinating

Question 42

Antigen-antibody complex’s activate complement proteins, which then work to remove microbes though

Answer 42

Activating complement

Question 43

Binding attracts phagocytes

Answer 43

Enhancing phagocytes

Question 44

Long lasting antibodies and very long lived lymphocytes.

Answer 44

Immunological memory

Question 45

Antibodies produced during secondary reasons stronger than the first?

Answer 45

True- larger and quicker

Question 46

Can the primary response be acquired naturally?

Answer 46

Yes

Question 47

Artificially acquired immunity

Answer 47

Vaccination

Question 48

Describe effects of aging on the immune system

Answer 48

Thymus atrophies, fewer responsive T cells, thus poorer B cell response

Question 49

Why is it important for elderly people to get their flu shot vaccinations each year

Answer 49

Poorer response to newer infections

Question 50

Lymphedema occurs in ____% mastectomies with axillary Dissections.

Answer 50

12-15%