Chapter 25.1 Part 2

Question 1

Between visceral and parietal pleura, barrow space, contains Lubricating fluid.

Answer 1

Pleural cavity

Question 2

Left lung indentation, which the heart lies, makes right lung 10% smaller.

Answer 2

Cardiac notch

Question 3

Terminal bronchioles subdivided into microscopic branches called?

Answer 3

Respiratory bronchioles

Question 4

Respiratory bronchioles are lined with?

Answer 4

Nonciliated epithelium

Question 5

Cup-shaped our-pouching of an alveolar sac is called?

Answer 5

alveolus

Question 6

Alveoli are composed of three types of cells..

Answer 6

Type I alveolar cells- main sites of gas exchange. (Simple squamous)

Type II alveolar (septal) cells- secrete alveolar fluid, keeps surface between cells moist.

Alveolar macrophages(dust cells)- wandering phagocytes, remove dust partials and debris.

Question 7

Mixture of phospholipids and lipoproteins that reduces the tendency of alveoli to collapse also humidifies..

Answer 7

Surfactant surfactant

Question 8

The exchange of O2 and CO2 between air spaces in the lungs and blood takes place by diffusion across the alveolar and capillary walls. These structures form..

Answer 8

Respiratory membrane

Question 9

The flow of air between the atmosphere and the lungs, occurs due to differences in air pressure.

Answer 9

Pulmonary ventilation

Question 10

Contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles create..

Answer 10

Air pressure changes that power breathing

Question 11

Breathing in is called?

Answer 11

Inhalation or inspiration

Question 12

Diaphragm + external intercostals contract, diaphragm descends, and lung volume expands.

Answer 12

Inhalation

Question 13

Diaphragm and external intercostals relax causes..

Answer 13

Exhalation or expiration

Question 14

Diaphragm relaxes and rises, lung volume decreases, external intercostals relax, lung volume decreases..

Answer 14

Exhalation

Question 15

Exhaling forcefully is called?

Answer 15

Active exhalation

Question 16

Examples of active exhalation are?

Answer 16

Playing wind instrument, exercise and blowing out a candle.

Question 17

Inverse relationship between volume and pressure.

Answer 17

Boyle’s law- as lung volume increases alveolar pressure decreases, vice versa

Question 18

While at rest a healthy adult breaths about?

Answer 18

12 times a minute

Question 19

Tidal volume (tv)=

Answer 19

Volume moved in one breath

Question 20

Minute ventilation total volume of air inhaled and exhaled each minute. Equation?

Answer 20

(MV)= f x TV= 6000

Question 21

Inspiratory reserve volume.. equation?

Answer 21

(IRV)= volume of air that can be inhaled beyond tidal volume (TV)

Question 22

Expiratory reserve volume.. equation?

Answer 22

(ERV)= Volume of air that can be exhaled beyond TV

Question 23

Air remaining in lungs after a maximum expiration=

Answer 23

Residual volume (RV)

Question 24

Inspiratory capacity=

Answer 24

TV + IRV

Question 25

Functional residual capacity(FRC)=

Answer 25

RV + ERV

Question 26

Vital capacity (VC)=

Answer 26

IRV + TV + ERV

Question 27

Total lung capacity (TLC)=

Answer 27

VC + RV

Question 28

Eupnea=

Answer 28

Normal breathing

Question 29

Coastal breathing=

Answer 29

Shallow breathing, with rib movement

Question 30

Deep breathing=

Answer 30

Diaphramic breathing

Question 31

Respiration can modify what in humans?

Answer 31

Speech and emotional responses

Question 32

Respiration can clear airways by?

Answer 32

Coughing and sneezing

Question 33

Sum of all partial pressures=

Answer 33

Atmospheric pressure

Question 34

O2 diffuses from blood to cells down...

Answer 34

Partial pressure gradient

Question 35

Po2 lower in cells than in blood because?

Answer 35

O2 used in cellular metabolism

Question 36

What % of blood O2 is bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells?

Answer 36

98.5 %

Question 37

Tissue release of O2 to cells is increased by?

Answer 37

Factors during exercise

Question 38

In the medulla oblongata controls the basic rhythm of respiration.

Answer 38

Medullary rhythmcity

Question 39

Nerve signals to inspiratory muscles last for about ?

Answer 39

2 seconds

Question 40

Expiratory center active only during ?

Answer 40

Forceful breathing

Question 41

Expiratory area remain inactive during?

Answer 41

Quiet breathing

Question 42

Cortical input is..

Answer 42

Voluntary adjustment on breathing patterns. For cessation or while swimming.

Question 43

Chemoreceptor input to..

Answer 43

Increase ventilation

Question 44

Respiration can be stimulated by..

Answer 44

Limbic system, proprioception, and increase of body temp

Question 45

Apnea means

Answer 45

Stop breathing

Question 46

Crackles or Rales=

Answer 46

Fluid in the small airways

Question 47

Caused by secretion in larger airways or obstructions, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis

Answer 47

Rhonchi

Question 48

Narrowing of air passage- asthma, congestive heart failure.

Answer 48

Wheezes