Chapter 26 Digestive System

Question 1

Functions of the Digestive system

Answer 1

Ingestion
Mixing and propulsion
Digestion
Defecation

Question 2

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a…

Answer 2

Tube through which good pass and where digestion and absorption occur.

Question 3

The Gastrointestinal tract includes?

Answer 3

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Question 4

Accessory organs is a..

Answer 4

Organs that help in digestion but through which food never passes.

Question 5

Accessory organs include?

Answer 5

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Question 6

Four layers of gastrointestinal (GI) wall?

Answer 6

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa

Question 7

Mucosa

Answer 7

Inner lining of track, foods due to contractions, lymphatic nodules present

Question 8

Submucosa

Answer 8

Contains blood and lymph vessels, neurons attached to (ENS)

Question 9

Muscularis

Answer 9

Thick layer of muscles, smooth and skeletal (swallowing)

Question 10

Serosa

Answer 10

Outer layer around organs of GI, secrets slippery wet fluid

Question 11

Formed by cheeks tongue, hard palate, soft palate.

Answer 11

Mouth

Question 12

During swallowing blocks entry of food or drink to nasal cavity

Answer 12

Uvula

Question 13

Muscular accessory organ, maneuvers food for chewing, adjust shape for speech and swallowing.

Answer 13

Tongue

Question 14

Lies at the base of the tongue

Answer 14

Lingual tonsils

Question 15

Organs of digestion that lie outside the mouth and release their secretions into ducts emptying into oral cavity

Answer 15

Salivary glands

Question 16

Three pairs of salivary glands

Answer 16

Parotid- largest, anterior
Submandibular- floor of mouth
Sublingual- inferior to tongue

Question 17

Starts digestion of starch

Answer 17

Salivary amylase

Question 18

Accessory digestive organs located in bony socket of the mandible and maxillae

Answer 18

Teeth

Question 19

Chewing or mastication

Answer 19

Mechanical digestion

Question 20

Salivary amylase (enzyme) breaks down polysaccharides (starch)- maltose and large fragments

Answer 20

Chemical digestion

Question 21

Muscular tube lined with stratified squamous epithelium that lies posterior to trachea

Answer 21

Esophagus

Question 22

Upper esophageal sphincter regulates..

Answer 22

Movement of food into esophagus

Question 23

Lower esophageal regulates…

Answer 23

Movement of food into stomach

Question 24

Swallowing 3 stages?

Answer 24

Voluntary stage
Pharyngeal stage
Esophageal stage

Question 25

Swallowing- voluntary stage?

Answer 25

Bolus forced into Oropharynx

Question 26

Swallowing- pharyngeal stage?

Answer 26

Prevent food from entering nasopharynx and larynx

Question 27

Swallowing- esophageal stage?

Answer 27

Food pushed through esophagus by process called peristalsis

Question 28

J- shaped enlargement of GI tract directly below the diaphragm? Mixing chamber holding reservoir.

Answer 28

Stomach

Question 29

Four regions of stomach?

Answer 29

Cardia- surrounds upper opening Fundus- superior and to left of cardia Body- large central portion Pylorus- lower part leading to pyloric sphincter

Question 30

Four layers of stomach?

Answer 30

Mucosa Secretory cells Muscularis serous membrane

Question 31

Food mixed with juice is..

Answer 31

Chyme

Question 32

Main event of chemical digestion in stomach is the beginning of protein digestion by enzyme called?

Answer 32

Pepsin

Question 33

Forces small amount of chyme through the partially closed pyloric sphincter into duodenum a process called?

Answer 33

Gastric emptying

Question 34

Located behind stomach, secretions help digestion, also produces hormone insulin

Answer 34

Pancreas

Question 35

Clear colorless liquid that consist mostly of water, some salts, sodium bicarbonate, and enzymes

Answer 35

Pancreatic juice

Question 36

2nd largest organ in the body?

Answer 36

Liver- weighs 1.4 kg

Question 37

Pear shaped sac that hangs inferiorly from the posterior surface of the liver

Answer 37

Gallbladder

Question 38

Major functional cells of the liver that perform metabolic, secretory, and endocrine functions.

Answer 38

Hepatocytes

Question 39

Small ducts between hepatocytes that collect bile

Answer 39

Bile canaliculi

Question 40

Permeable capillaries with phagocytic kuppfer cells are between cells

Answer 40

Sinsusoids