Chapter 26: Unmanned Space Exploration

Question 1

The ( 1967 Outer Space Treaty / Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty of 1972 ) stated that the space world would be used “exclusively for peaceful purposes”

Answer 1

1967 Outer Space Treaty

Question 2

The ( GPS / DPS ) permits users to instantly determine their position, provides their velocity and time, and is more accurate than any radio system

Answer 2

GPS

Question 3

Which of the Explorer satellite series discovered the Van Allen Radiation Belts?

Answer 3

Explorer I

Question 4

Studied the sun’s production of x-rays, gamma rays, and other radiation

Answer 4

Orbiting Solar Observatory

Question 5

What series of observatories improved knowledge of interstellar gases?

Answer 5

Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (OAOs)

Question 6

What observatory discovered bursts of gamma rays and jets of x-rays from the galaxy Centaurus A?

Answer 6

High-Energy Astronomy Observatory (HEAO)

Question 7

What explorer-class spacecraft studied white dwarfs, black holes, and active galactic nuclei?

Answer 7

Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) satellite

Question 8

Solved the problems of light pollution and atmospheric interference

Answer 8

Hubble Space Telescope

Question 9

What NASA spacecraft studied the reaction between sunlight and earth’s ozone layer?

Answer 9

Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME)

Question 10

What NASA satellite studied the interaction of earth and radiation energy from the sun?

Answer 10

Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS)

Question 11

What NASA satellites study how air, land, water, and life interact on earth?

Answer 11

Earth Observing System (EOS)

Question 12

Which series of probes provided the first close-up pictures of the moon’s surface?

Answer 12

The Rangers

Question 13

What series of probes helped gather information which helped Apollo landing planners know what to expect?

Answer 13

The Surveyors

Question 14

What family of probes conducted flyby missions investigating Mercury and Venus?

Answer 14

The Mariners

Question 15

Launched in 1966-1967, what were the five probes called which provided high-quality photographs of the moon’s entire surface?

Answer 15

Lunar Orbiters

Question 16

What probes provided the first close-up pictures of Jupiter and Saturn?

Answer 16

The Pioneers

Question 17

Which space probes investigated Mars using both orbiters and landers and tested soil samples?

Answer 17

The Vikings

Question 18

Which spacecraft flew past Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus, and now head for interstellar space?

Answer 18

The Voyagers

Question 19

What spacecraft did the ESA launch to investigate Halley’s Comet?

Answer 19

Giotto

Question 20

Launched in 1966 to investigate Martian geology, resources, climate, and weather

Answer 20

Mars Global Surveyor

Question 21

Put the first rover on another planet to perform rock and soil composition experiments

Answer 21

Mars Pathfinder

Question 22

Launched to take direct measurements of Jupiter’s atmosphere and explore its moons

Answer 22

Galileo

Question 23

International robotic probe sent to Saturn to study rings, atmosphere, magnetosphere

Answer 23

Cassini

Question 24

Unmanned exploratory spacecraft traveling beyond earth’s orbit

Answer 24

Probes

Question 25

Spacecraft that orbit the earth

Answer 25

Satellites

Question 26

Sputnik, the first Soviet satellite, established the rights of satellites to

Answer 26

Fly over countries without permission

Question 27

________ communications satellites reflect radio or television signals

Answer 27

Passive

Question 28

________ communications satellites amplify the signals before return.

Answer 28

Active

Question 29

The GPS positioning accuracy will vary depending on the user's

Answer 29

Answer key: Selective Availability & Precise Positioning Service Book: equipment & atmospheric conditions

Question 30

What kind of satellites are DMSP, GOES, NIMBUS, TIROS?

Answer 30

Weather satellites

Question 31

Name 2 multi-spectrum Imaging satellites

Answer 31

LANDSAT & SPOT

Question 32

What is a known reconnaissance satellite?

Answer 32

Defense Support Program (DSP) satellite system

Question 33

The International Telecommunications Union Policy of "first come, first served" in assigning Geostationary Orbits (GEO) conflicted with what principle of space law?

Answer 33

The Equal Access For All principle

Question 34

How did nations respond to the International Telecommunications Union Policy?

Answer 34

Eight equatorial nations responded with the Bogota Declaration (1976) in which they claimed sovereignty over the GEO above their territories

Question 35

Provides weather data exclusively to the military using an optical system to provide visual and infrared cloud data

Answer 35

Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)

Question 36

What are the two categories of scientific satellites *missions*?

Answer 36

Orbital Astronomy and Environmental Analysis (Sole purpose: gaining information)

Question 37

What are L4 and L5?

Answer 37

Points in space where the body will be an equilibrium; the most likely potential place for future space colonies

Question 38

Which of these spacecraft launch agencies has only recently been acknowledged to exist? a. Commercial b. Military c. Civilian d. National Security

Answer 38

d. National Security

Question 39

Which of the following is not a source of space law? a. Customs b. Treaties c. UN decrees d. International courts

Answer 39

c. UN decrees

Question 40

The Land Remote Sensing Commercialization Act did which of the following? a. Allowed the sale of government data b. Set limits on the quality of the data that could be sold c. Directed the data be provided to all customers at the same costs d. All of the above

Answer 40

d. All of the above

Question 41

Which member of the 1998 International Space Station agreement started participating in 1993 and signed the new 1998 agreement? a. Japan b. Russia c. Canada d. European Space Agency

Answer 41

b. Russia

Question 42

Scientific application satellites gather information that may or may not have immediate use.

Answer 42

TRUE

Question 43

What was the first telecommunications satellite?

Answer 43

The SCORE satellite (Signal Communications by Orbiting Relay Equipment)

Question 44

TRANSIT and TIMATION were precursors to the Global Positioning System

Answer 44

TRUE

Question 45

Taking photos and infrared observations are the only activities of reconnaissance satellites.

Answer 45

FALSE (4 major purposes: providing early warning by detecting enemy missile launches, detecting nuclear explosions, electronic reconnaissance,and photo-surveillance)