Chapter 27 Patho Flashcards
1
Q
- What is A general term that refers to abnormal new tissue growth characterized by the progressive, uncontrolled multiplication of cells?
A
Cancer
2
Q
- What Abnormal growth of these new cells is called?
A
tumor/neoplasm
3
Q
- A Tumar may be:-
A
- Localized
- Invasive
- Benign
- Malignant
4
Q
- These tumors do not endanger life unless they interfere with the normal functions of other organs or affect a vital organ?
A
Benign tumors
5
Q
- These tumors grow slowly and push aside normal tissue but do not invade it.
A
Benign tumors
6
Q
- These tumors are usually encapsulated, well demarcated cells that do not travel by way of the bloodstream or lymphatics
A
Benign tumors
7
Q
- these tumors are composed of embryonic, primitive or poorly differentiated cells.
A
Malignant tumors
8
Q
- These tumors grow in a disorganized manner and so rapidly that nutrition of the cell becomes a problem.
A
Malignant tumors
9
Q
- Necrosis, ulceration, and cavity formation are commonly associated with these type of tumors.
A
Malignant tumors
10
Q
- These tumors also invade surrounding tissues and may be metastatic
A
Malignant tumors
11
Q
- These tumors are most commonly originated in the epithelium of the tracheobronchial tree
A
Malignant tumors
12
Q
- A tumor that originates in the bronchial mucosa is called?
A
bronchogenic carcinoma
13
Q
- Name at least 5 major pathologic changes associated with bronchogenic carcinoma
A
inflammation, swelling excessive mucous production tracheobronchial mucous accumulation/plugging airway obstruction atelectasis alveolar consolidation cavity formation pleural effusion
14
Q
- What is the most common cause of lung cancer?
A
cigarette smoking
15
Q
- Cigarette smoke contains more than how many different chemicals?
A
4000
16
Q
- This is associated with as much as 30% increase in the risk for lung cancer?
A
Secondhand smoke or ETS (environmental tobacco smoke)
17
Q
- Two major categories for cancer (bronchogenic carcinomas) are known as what?
A
NSCLC (non small cell lung carcinoma)
SCLC (small cell lung cancer)
18
Q
- The NSCLC is divided into how many sub categories?
A
Three:-
squamous, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma
19
Q
- this type of cancer spreads aggressively and responds best to chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
A
SCLC
small cell lung cancer
20
Q
- These type of cancers are more common and account for 80% of all lung cancers in the US
A
NSCLC
non small cell lung cancer
21
Q
- This NSCLC is commonly located near a central bronchus or hilus and projects into the large bronchi.
A
Squamous cell carcinoma
22
Q
- this NSCLC originates from the basal cells of the bronchial epithelium. It has a slow growth rate and a late metastatic tendency.
A
Squamous cell carcinoma
23
Q
- Cavitation and necrosis within this NSCLC is a common finding. Surgical resection is a preferred tx if metastasis has not taken place.
A
Squamous cell carcinoma
24
Q
- This NSCLC arises from mucous glands of the tracheobronchial tree.
A
Adenocarcinoma
25
25. The glandular configuration and the mucous production caused by which type of cancer are the pathologic features that distinguish this from other types of bronchogenic carcinoma?
Adenocarcinoma
26
26. Which NSCLC has the weakest association with smoking
Adenocarcinoma
27
27. These tumors usually grow slow, their metastasis pattern is unpredictable and typically arise from the terminal bronchioles and alveoli
Adenocarcinoma
28
28. This tumor has lost all evidence of differentiation and is commonly referres to as undifferentiated large cell anapestic cancer?
Large cell carcinoma
29
29. These tumors have a rapid growth rate and early and widespread metastasis, which commonly distort the trachea and large airways.
Large cell carcinoma
30
30. Common secondary complications include chest wall pain, pleural effusion, pneumonia, hemoptysis, and cavity formation in which type of tumor?
Large cell carcinoma
31
31. Which form of cancer is commonly referred to as oat cell carcinoma?
Small cell Lung carcinoma
32
32. Which form of cancer has the poorest prognosis?
Small cell Lung carcinoma
33
33. this cancer has the strongest correlation with cigarette smoking and is associated with the worst prognosis? In Exam
Small cell lung carcinoma
34
34. Screening and Diagnosis?
1. CXR
2. CT Scan
3. Positron emission tomography (PET) SCAN (Color scanner, spotting cancerr)
4. Biopsy is only definitive diagnosis
35
35. STAGING OF LUNG CANCER ARE WHAT?
1. STAGE O= Limited to linging of airway and can be successfully treated.
2. STAGE I= <3mc in size and located in lobar or distal airway, no mesastasis or adjacent tissue involvment.
3. STAGE II: Invaded bordering lymph nodes and spread to chest wall, no distant, metastasis.
4. STAGE IIIA= In main bronchus and accompanied by obstruction and Atelectasis of the entire lung. Involved in adjacent tissue and lymphatic system, No distant metastasis.
5. STAGE IIIB= Spread diffusely throughout the chest.
6. STAGE IV: Involves lymph node groups and has spread to other parts of the body.
36
36. Small cell lung carcinomas:
1. Limited: Cancer is confined to only one lung and to its neighboring lymph nodes.
2. Extensive; both lungs involved, lymph nodes, and other organs
37
37. General Management of Cancer of the lung?
What is the Surgery?
1. Wedge section: Partial removal of a lobe
2. Segmentectomy: Removal of alung segment
3. Lobectomy: Removal of one lobe
4. Pneumonectomy: Removal of entire lung
38
38. Chemotherapy?
Primary treatment of SCLC
39
39. Radiation Therapy?
1. SCLC treatment
| 2. LSCLC treatment if patient is NOT a surgical candidate.
40
40. Palliative care?
Comfort measures treating symptoms of cancer and not the cancer itself
41
41. RESPIRATORY CARE TREATMENT OF CANCER
1. O2 therapy.
2. Bronchopulmonary hygiene.
3. Lung expansion.
4. Aerosolized medicaions
