Chapter 27 Seedless Plants

Question 1

Common ancestor of all land plants

Answer 1

Green algeae

Question 2

Green algae and plants share many ____ and ___ traits

Answer 2

Green algae and plants share many biochemical and metabolic traits

Question 3

Plants are complex multicellular eukaryotes with:

Answer 3

1. Cellulose cell walls
2. Chlorophylls a and b in plastids
3. Starch as a storage product
4. may have cells with two anterior flagella

Question 4

Unlike green algae, all land plants develop from:

Answer 4

Multicellular embryos enclosed in maternal tissues

Question 5

Waxy cuticle

Answer 5

Prevents plant tissues from dying out

Question 6

Stomata

Answer 6

Allow gas exchange through the cuticle

Question 7

Gametangia

Answer 7

Plant sex organs which have a layer of non-reproductive cells that protects the gametes

Question 8

Antheridium

Answer 8

Male gametangia

Question 9

Archegonium

Answer 9

Female gametangia

Question 10

Plant life cycles have a ___ gametophyte stage and a ___ sporophyte stage

Answer 10

Plant life cycles have a haploid gametophyte stage and a diploid sporophyte stage

Question 11

Antheridia

Answer 11

Male gametangia that form sperm cells

Question 12

Archegonia

Answer 12

Female gametangia that bears a single egg

Question 13

Archaeplastids

Answer 13

1. Red algae
2. Green algae
3. land plants

Question 14

Four major plant groups

Answer 14

1. Bryophytes (nonvascular plants)
2. Seedless vascular plants
3. Gymnosperms
4. Angiosperms

Question 15

Mosses and other bryophytes rely on ___ and __ to obtain needed materials, which restricts their ___

Answer 15

Mosses and other bryophytes rely on diffusion and osmosis to obtain needed materials, which restricts their size

Question 16

Mosses and other bryophytes do not form ___

Answer 16

Mosses and other bryophytes do not form seeds; they reproduce and disperse primarily via haploid spores

Question 17

Vascular plants have two types of vascular tissues:

Answer 17

1. Xylem

2. Phloem

Question 18

Xylem

Answer 18

Conducts water and dissolved minerals

Question 19

Phloem

Answer 19

Conducts dissolved organic molecules, such as sugar

Question 20

Vascular plants include

Answer 20

1. Seedless vascular plants
2. Gymnosperms
3. Flowering plants

Question 21

A key step in evolution of vascular plants was the ability to produce ___

Answer 21

A key step in evolution of vascular plants was the ability to produce lignin

Question 22

Seedless vascular plants reproduce and disperse primarily via ___

Answer 22

Seedless vascular plants reproduce and disperse primarily via spores

Question 23

gymnosperms

Answer 23

reproduce by forming unprotected seeds on a stem or in a cone

Question 24

Angiosperms

Answer 24

reproduce by forming seeds enclosed within a fruit

Question 25

Angiosperms are ___ ___

Answer 25

Angiosperms are flowering plants

Question 26

Bryophytes

Answer 26

The only living nonvascular plants Typically small Only plants with a dominant gametophyte generation-sporophytes remain permanently attached

Question 27

Three phyla of bryophytes

Answer 27

1. Bryophyta (mosses) 2. Hepatophyta (liverworts) 3. Anthocerophyta (hornworts)

Question 28

Mosses usually live in denses ___ or ___

Answer 28

Mosses usually live in dense colonies or beds

Question 29

Mosses have rhizoids

Answer 29

Tiny hairlike absorptive structures

Question 30

Mosses are important for:

Answer 30

1. Forming soil 2. commercially (sphagnum) 3. form peat bogs used for fuel

Question 31

The dominant phase of the moss life cycle is the ___

Answer 31

The dominant phase of the moss life cycle is the gametophyte (haploid)

Question 32

The moss sporophyte is completely dependent upon the ___ for its nutrition (mosses)

Answer 32

The moss sporophyte is completely dependent upon the gametophyte for its nutrition

Question 33

The sporophyte is responsible for producing ___ (mosses)

Answer 33

The sporophyte is responsible for producing spores (mosses)

Question 34

Liverworts

Answer 34

Body form is a thallus, not differentiated into leaves, stems, or roots

Question 35

Hairlike ___ on the underside of the ___ anchor plants to the soil (liverworts)

Answer 35

Hairlike rhizoids on the underside of the thallus anchor plants to the soil

Question 36

Liverworts lack

Answer 36

Liverworts lack stomata, although some have surface pores analogous to stomata

Question 37

Liverwort life cycle

Answer 37

Basically the same as that of mosses Some gametangia are borne on stalked structures

Question 38

Some liverworts reproduce ___ by forming tiny balls of tissue called ___

Answer 38

Some liverworts reproduce asexually by forming tiny balls of tissue called gemmae

Question 39

gemmae

Answer 39

asexual buds inside the gemmae cups

Question 40

Fossils indicate that ___ were probably the first group of plants to arise from the common plant ancestor

Answer 40

Fossils indicate that bryophytes were probably the first group of plants to arise from the common plant ancestor

Question 41

The oldest plant fossils resemble ___ in many respects

Answer 41

The oldest plant fossils resemble liverworts in many respects

Question 42

Seedless vascular plants

Answer 42

Have true stems with vascular tissues - most with true roots and leaves

Question 43

___ Are the main organs of photosynthesis

Answer 43

Leaves are the main organs of photosynthesis

Question 44

Two classes of seedless vascular plants:

Answer 44

1. Club Mosses | 2. Ferns

Question 45

Ferns include

Answer 45

horsetails and whisk ferns

Question 46

Ferns

Answer 46

A monophyletic group - the closest living relatives of seed plants

Question 47

Club mosses

Answer 47

Small, evergreen plants with true roots; rhizomes and erect aerial stems; microphylls

Question 48

Club moss sporangia

Answer 48

Borne on reproductive leaves

Question 49

Club mosses are common where?

Answer 49

n temperate woodlands

Question 50

___ is an organic material formed from remains of ancient vascular plants, particularly those of the ___ period

Answer 50

Coal is an organic material formed from remains of ancient vascular plants, particularly those of the Carboniferous period

Question 51

Ferns are mostly ___ plants with a dominant ___ generation and ___ roots

Answer 51

Ferns are mostly terrestrial plants with a dominant sporophyte generation and true roots

Question 52

Ferns have Rhizomes

Answer 52

Sporophyte which has a horizontal underground stem

Question 53

Fern rhizomes bear fronds which are what?

Answer 53

complex comound leaves

Question 54

Fern fronds ___ from the ground tightly ___. This is called ___

Answer 54

Fern fronds emerge from the ground tightly coiled. This is called fiddlehead's

Question 55

The fern life cycle alternates between the dominants, ___ and the ___

Answer 55

The fern life cycle alternates between the dominants, diploid sporophyte and the haploid gametophyte

Question 56

Fern spore production occurs in ___ on __ of the ___

Answer 56

Fern spore production occurs in sori on fronds of the sporophyte

Question 57

Ferns have ___ sperm cells which swim from an ___ to the neck of a ___ through a thin film of water on the ground underneath the ___

Answer 57

Ferns have flagellate sperm cells which swim from an antheridium to the neck of an archegonium through a thin film of water on the ground underneath the prothallus

Question 58

Some Ferns and club mosses are ___

Answer 58

Some Ferns and club mosses are Heterosporous

Question 59

Homospory

Answer 59

Production of only one type of spore as a result of meiosis

Question 60

Homospory is characteristic of

Answer 60

1. Bryophytes 2. Horsetails 3. Whisk Ferns 4. Most ferns and club mosses

Question 61

Heterospory

Answer 61

Produce two types of spored

Question 62

Heterospory is the forerunner of ___

Answer 62

Heterospory is the forerunner of the evolution of seeds

Question 63

Certain ___ and ___ exhibit heterospory

Answer 63

Certain ferns and club mosses exhibit heterospory

Question 64

Each strobilus bears two kinds of sporangia:

Answer 64

1. Microsporangia | 2. Megasporangia

Question 65

Microsporangia

Answer 65

Produce microsporocytes, which undergo meiosis to form microscopic, haploid microspores and then develop into male gametophytes

Question 66

Megasporangia

Answer 66

produce megasporocytes which undergo meiosis to form haploid megaspore and then develop into female gametophyte