Chapter 26

Question 1

Protists

Answer 1

An informal group of primarily aquatic eukaryotic organisms with diverse features

Question 2

Protists are members of which domain?

Answer 2

Eukarya

Question 3

Body plan of protists

Answer 3

Most are unicellular

some form colonies

some are coenocytic

some are multicellular

Question 4

Most multicellular protists have relatively ___ body from w/out ___tissues

Answer 4

Most multicellular protists have relatively simple body forms without specialized tissues

Question 5

Coenocytic

Answer 5

A multinucleate cell which can result from multiple nuclear divisions without their accompanying cytokinesis

Question 6

Most protists are ___ at some point in their life cycle

Answer 6

Most protists are motile at some point in their life cycle

Question 7

Protists can move by

Answer 7

pseudopodia, cilia or flagella

some protists have two or more means of locomotion

Question 8

Most algae are ___ photosynthesizers

Answer 8

autotrophic photosynthesizers

Question 9

Heterotrophs can obtain nutrients by

Answer 9

absorption or ingestion

Question 10

Most protists reproduce ___ many also reproduce ___

Answer 10

Most protists reproduce asexually - many also reproduce sexually

Question 11

Mitochondria and chloroplasts probably originated from

Answer 11

endosymbionts

Question 12

Diversity in ultrastructure and molecular data suggests protists are ___

Answer 12

Paraphyletic

Question 13

Five informal sub groups of protists

Answer 13

1. Excavates
2. Chromalveolates
3. rhizarians
4. archaeplastids
5. unikonts

Question 14

Excavates

Answer 14

Group of unicellular protists with flagella and a deep (excavated) oral groove

Many are endosymbionts and live in anoxic environments

Question 15

Excavates include

Answer 15

1. diplomonads
2. parabasalids
3. euglenoids
4. trypanosomes

Question 16

Diplomonads

Answer 16

One or two nuclei, no functional mitochondria, no golgi comples and up to eight flagella

Question 17

Giardia

Answer 17

A parasitic diplomonad

Question 18

Parabasilids

Answer 18

Anaerobic, flagellated excavates that live in animals

Question 19

Trichonymphs and trichomonads

Answer 19

Exampls of parabasalids

Question 20

Euglenoids

Answer 20

Most are unicellular flagellates

Some are photosynthetic

some heterotrophic species absorb organic compounds by phagocytosis and digest prey in food vacuoles

Question 21

Trupanosomes

Answer 21

Excavate with a single mitochondrion that has an organized deposit of DNA (Kinetoplastid)

Many are parasitic and cause disease, often live in blood

Question 22

Trpanosoma brucei

Answer 22

Trypanosomes parasite that causes African sleeping sicknedd

Question 23

Chromalveolates

Answer 23

Most are photosynthetic

Probably originated by secondary endosymbiosis in which an ancestral cell engulfed a red alga

Question 24

Tpes of chromalveolates

Answer 24

Alveolates and stramenopiles

Question 25

types of Alveolates

Answer 25

Dinoflagellates, apicomplexans and ciliates

Question 26

Alveolates

Answer 26

Have similare ribosomal DNA sequences and flattened vesicles inside plasma membrane

Question 27

Stramenopiles

Answer 27

Water molds, diatoms, golden algae and brown algae Have motile cells with two flagella, one hairlike

Question 28

Dinoflagellates

Answer 28

Marine plankton that are generally unicellular; a few are colonial

Question 29

Ciliates

Answer 29

Complex unicellular alveolates with a pellicle that gives them a definite but changeable shape Two kinds of nuclei: 1. Diploid micronuclei=reproduction 2. Polyploid macronucleus=growth

Question 30

Water molds

Answer 30

Stramenophiles once classified as fungi

Question 31

Brown algae

Answer 31

Largest and most complex of all seaweeds; size range from a few centimeters to 75 meters

Question 32

Rhizarians

Answer 32

A monophyletic but diverse group of amoeboid cells Often have outer shells called tests

Question 33

Types of rhicarians

Answer 33

Forams, actinopods, and certain shell-less amoebas

Question 34

Foraminiferans

Answer 34

mostly marine rhizarians that produce chalky, many chanmbered tests

Question 35

Actinopods

Answer 35

Mostly marine plankton rhizarians with axopods that protrude through pores in shells

Question 36

Archaeplastids

Answer 36

Similar chloroplasts, suggesting that they developed directly from a cyanobacterial endosymbiont

Question 37

Types of Archaeplastids

Answer 37

1. Red algae 2. Green algae 3. Land plants

Question 38

Red algae

Answer 38

Mostly tropical marine organisms, attaching to rocks or other substrates

Question 39

Green algae

Answer 39

Mostly aquatic that share many same characteristics as land plants Many are symbionts; endosymbionts, lichens

Question 40

Unikonts

Answer 40

Single posterior flagellum in flagellate cells, such as sperm and motile spores Separated from all other eukaryotes (bikonts) by evolution of triple-gene fusion

Question 41

Amoebozoa

Answer 41

Unikonts that produce temporary, lobose cytoplasmic projections ar some point in their life cycle

Question 42

Amoebas

Answer 42

unicellular, found in soil, water and other organisms Asexually reproduce by splitting into two equal parts

Question 43

Plasmodial slime molds

Answer 43

Feed as multinucleate plasmodia plasmodium creep over damp, decaying debris, ingesting bacteria, yeasts, spores, and organic matter

Question 44

Choanoflagellates

Answer 44

Single flagellum surrounded with a collar of microvilli that trap food Closest living nonanimal relative of animals