Chapter 27.1 +27.2

Question 1

What is weathering

Answer 1

is the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earths surface

Question 2

what is soil

Answer 2

is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life

Question 3

What is erosion

Answer 3

is the removal of surface material in the process of weathering

Question 4

As rocks weather, erosional agents such as water, ice, wind, and gravity, move eroded material from one place to another in a process called ____

Answer 4

sediment transport

Question 5

The land area that gathers water for a major river is called a river’s ___

Answer 5

Drainage basin

Question 6

The movement of water parallel to a shoreline is called a ____

Answer 6

Long shore current

Question 7

when an erosional agent slows down or melts, it drops this sediment load in the process

Answer 7

Deposition

Question 8

do rocks weather at the same rate

Answer 8

No i depends on rock type and location

Question 9

what are two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather

Answer 9

rock type and landscape

Question 10

what are two types of weathering

Answer 10

Mechanical and chemical

Question 11

what type of change happens with chemical weathering

Answer 11

chemical changes

Question 12

what type of change happens with mechanical weathering

Answer 12

Physical changes

Question 13

what are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering

Answer 13

collisions, biological activity, and frost wedging

Question 14

what causes frost wedging

Answer 14

when water collects in the cracks of rocks and freezes and expands cracking the rock more

Question 15

what is the cycle called during frost wedging

Answer 15

freeze thaw cycle

Question 16

what causes biological activity

Answer 16

plant and animal activity

Question 17

what causes weathering during collisions

Answer 17

when a rock falls off a cliff or tumbles through a turbulent river river

Question 18

what is parent material?

Answer 18

the material from which soil forms

Question 19

what are soil horizons

Answer 19

the different layers of soil

Question 20

how many soil horizons are there

Answer 20

6

Question 21

true or false: All soils contain every soil horizon

Answer 21

false

Question 22

what are the specific soil horizons

Answer 22

• O horizon
• A horizon
• E horizon
• B horizon
• C horizon
• R horizon

Question 23

what does the first soil horizon contain

Answer 23

organic material

Question 24

what is the second soil horizon mostly made up of

Answer 24

mostly minerals

Question 25

which layer does leaching occur

Answer 25

Horizon E

Question 26

which horizon collects materials from previous horizons

Answer 26

Horizon B

Question 27

which layer is partially weathered bedrock

Answer 27

Horizon C

Question 28

which layer is unweathered bedrock

Answer 28

Horizon R

Question 29

which soil horizons make up the topsoil

Answer 29

O and A horizons

Question 30

which soil horizons make up the subsoil

Answer 30

E and B

Question 31

what is the difference between weathering and erosion

Answer 31

weathering is the break down of material while erosion is the removal of surface material from wind water etc.

Question 32

True or false | as the slope of a river decreases, the rivers speed decreases

Answer 32

true

Question 33

what is the land area called that gathers water for a river called

Answer 33

drainage basin

Question 34

what is the boundrey called that serperates district drainage basins

Answer 34

drainage divide

Question 35

as water flows downhill under the influence of gravity , water erodes earths surface creating __

Answer 35

channels

Question 36

what shape do young rivers create due to fast movement

Answer 36

V shapes

Question 37

what rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes

Answer 37

mature rivers

Question 38

when rivers flood and drop their sediment load what land form is created

Answer 38

flood plains

Question 39

what are fan shaped sediment deposits that will form at the mouth on the river

Answer 39

a delta

Question 40

what are distributaries

Answer 40

smaller branching channels created by deltas

Question 41

what forms when the mouth of a river or stream enters dry land

Answer 41

alluvial fans

Question 42

what are the two types of glaciers

Answer 42

Vally glaciers and Continental glaciers

Question 43

where do valley glaciers form

Answer 43

in high mountainous regions

Question 44

where do Continental glaciers form

Answer 44

in large land areas in colder climates

Question 45

where are the two Continental glaciers located

Answer 45

on in Greenland and one in Antarctica

Question 46

what is a cirque

Answer 46

bowl shaped basins

Question 47

What are arete

Answer 47

where 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long sharp ridge line

Question 48

what is a horn

Answer 48

sharpened peaks

Question 49

what do tributarys create

Answer 49

hanging valleys

Question 50

what are tributary glacier

Answer 50

small glaciers that feed into large glaciers

Question 51

what shape of valleys glaciers create

Answer 51

cause v shaped streams in to u shaped valleys

Question 52

which side of a sand dune does erosion occur

Answer 52

the windward side

Question 53

which side does deposition occur on a sand dunce

Answer 53

the leeward side

Question 54

what is deflation

Answer 54

when wind caused the removal of small particles which leaves the heaver particles behind

Question 55

when small particles are removed, the remaining surface is called ____

Answer 55

Desert pavement

Question 56

what does the shape and size of land forms depends on based on wind

Answer 56

- wind speed - amount of time the wind blows - sediment supply

Question 57

what are three land forms created by wave erosion

Answer 57

Coastal cliffs, sea arches, and sea stacks

Question 58

what sre two examples of wave deposition

Answer 58

Sand bars and sand spits

Question 59

what is a sand bar

Answer 59

land forms that are parallel to the shoreline

Question 60

what are sand spits

Answer 60

are sandbars that extend into the water from land and curve back toward land in a hook shape

Question 61

what is mass wasting caused by

Answer 61

its caused by snow earthquakes, heavy rains or human activity

Question 62

what is mass wasting

Answer 62

when erosion occurs as materials moves down a slop

Question 63

what are some examples of mass wasting

Answer 63

rock slides, mud flows, and land slides