Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology II > Chapter 28: Protists > Flashcards

Chapter 28: Protists Flashcards

1
Q

What is a protist?

A

An informal term applied to any eukaryote that is not a plant, animal, or fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a Eukaryotic Cell?

A

A cell that has a membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most protists are unicellular, but some are multicellular or colonial. T or F?

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 types of eukaryotes?

A
  1. plants
  2. animals
  3. fungus
  4. protists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What protist helps termites breakdown the cellulose of wood?

A

Trickonympha (lives in the termite gut)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an example of protists that can photosynthesize?

A

Euglena viridis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What protist causes the red tide?

A

dingoflagellate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What protist causes malaria in humans?

A

plasmodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What protists causes the African sleeping virus?

A

Trypanosome gambiense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What protist causes amebic dysentery?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was the importance of colonial protists?

A

living in groups lead to multicellularity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a volvox?

A

a colony of protists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three types of locomotion for protists?

A

Flagella, Cilia, and Pseudopodia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are flagella? What example protist uses this?

A

one or two extension from the cell body that propel the cell, Euglenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are cilia? What example protist uses this?

A

many small hair like structures, Paramecium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are pseudopodia? What example protist uses this?

A

“fake feet” large extensions of the cell body that can be used for locomotion or feeding, Amoeba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are photo-autotrophs?

A

obtain energy through photosynthesis via chloroplasts (green coloration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are heterotrophs? What are the two types of protist heterotrophs?

A

absorb organic molecules or ingest food particles, phagotrophs and osmotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are mixotrophs?

A

an organism that is capable of both photosynthesis and heterotrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an example of a mixotroph?

A

Euglena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are phagotrophs?

A

engulf food particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are osmotrophs?

A

obtain liquids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A mixotroph can only use heterotrophy if _____ is available?

A

light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is more efficient in mixotrophs heterotrophy or photosynthesis?

A

photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the 3 types of a sexual reproduction that protists use?
binary fission, budding, and schizogony
26
What is the basic way that binary fission works?
the cell grows to half its size and then splits
27
In eukaryotes does binary fission use mitosis?
yes
28
What is the basic way that budding works?
smaller daughter cell breaks off or parent
29
What is the basic way that schizogony works?
several nuclear division followed by cell division
30
Frequent genetic recombination generates ________ in populations
variance
31
What is the basis of sexual reproduction in protists?
meiosis results in haploid cells from diploid cells followed by fertilization
32
What is an example of a protist that uses schizogony?
plasmodia
33
Most protists have the capability to reproduce sexually. T or F?
T
34
Protists either reproduce sexually or asexually. T or F?
F, they can produce both ways
35
What is the common name for brown algae?
kelp
36
The gametophyte is quite small (few centimeters. T or F?
T
37
There is now considerable evidence that much of the protist diversity has origins in _______________
endosymbiosis
38
What did red and green algae evolve into after they acquired photosynthetic cyanobacterium?
plastids
39
What is a plastid?
one of a family of closely related organelles that includes chloroplasts
40
What are the three supporting evidences that support the idea that plastids evolved from red and green algae?
1. plastid DNA resembles cyanobacteria DNA 2. plastids are surrounded by two membranes 3. transport proteins in membranes are homologous to membranes of cyanobacteria symbionts
41
What are chlorarchniophytes?
marine amen-flagellate that evolved from eukaryote engulfing algae
42
What was the product of secondary endosymbiosis?
chlorarachniophytes
43
What are is the evidence for the secondary endosymbiosis of protists?
1. DNA sequence indicates they came from green algae | 2. plastids are surrounded by 4 membranes in chlorarachniophytes
44
What is the hypothesis for plastid diversity by endosymbiosis?
That a heterotrophic eukaryote engulfed a cyanobacteria, and then was engulfed by a larger eukaryote
45
What is the difference between red and green algae regarding their membranes?
red algae have 3 membranes around their engulfed cyanobacterium green algae have 2 membranes around their engulfed cyanobacteria
46
Primary endosymbiosis lead to the evolution of what two algae?
red algae and green algae
47
Secondary endosymbiosis of red algae lead to what protists?
dinoflagellates (red tide), apicomplexans (malaria), and stramenopiles (brown algae)
48
Secondary endosymbiosis of green algae lead to what protists?
Euglenids and chlorarachniophytes
49
Protists were once a single kingdom. T or F?
T
50
What are the 5 groups of protists?
1. Excavata 2. Chromaveolata 3. Rhizaria 4. Archaeplastids 5. Unikonta
51
What is the common characteristic of the excavata?
they have an excavated groove on one side of the body
52
Giardia is an example of what group of protists?
excavata
53
What group of protists originated from secondary endosymbiosis? (some are photosynthetic and others are parasites)
chromaveolata
54
Plasmodium is an example of what group of protists?
chromaveolata
55
What group of protists do most amoebas with threadlike pseudopodia belong to?
rhizaria
56
What is the sister taxa to land plants?
green algae
57
Are charophytes closely related to land plants?
yes
58
What group of protists do amoebas with lobe shaped pseudopodia belong to?
Unikonta
59
What group of protists do non amoeba protists that are closely related to fungi and animals?
Unikonta
60
Sister taxa for fungi and animals are in what group of protists?
unikonta
61
What is the root meaning of Dino and how does it relate to dinoflagellates?
Dino means whirling and they relate to dinoflagellates because they have two unequal flagella
62
Dinoflagellates are photosynthetic. T or F?
T
63
Bioluminescence is due to _________?
symbiosis with bacteria
64
Dinoflagellates are toxic when what?
when their population explodes (like in red tide)
65
How many species of dinoflagellates are toxins that harm vertebrates?
20
66
Why are dinoflagellates are brownish or red due to presence of ___________
carotenoids
67
plasmodium cause _________ in humans.
malaria
68
complex life cycle with ______ and ________ host
mosquito, mammal
69
Do plasmodium use alternation of generations?
yes
70
What are the 4 ways that we fight/have fought malaria? What are the negative side effects of each?
1. DDT: chemical used to kill mosquitos, but also thins shells, kills everything, and is detrimental to the environment 2. Antimalaria Pills: prevent getting the disease, but there are side effects, they are expensive, and no good for daily use 3. Tonic: was used to kill the plasmodium, but evolved and no longer has an effect 4. Sterilization of male mosquitos: problem is that reducing population of mosquitos can disrupt the environment
71
How many people die from malaria every year?
900,000
72
How many people are infected by malaria each year?
250,000,000
73
Are plasmodia photosynthetic?
no
74
Do plasmodia have plastids?
yes
75
Human is the ________ host, and the mosquito is the _________ host
determinant, intermediate
76
choanoflagellates are what group of protists?
unikonta
77
choanoflagellates likely share common ancestry with _______
animals
78
sponges have ___________ __________ that exactly match the flagellated structure of these protists
flagellated cells
79
What are flagellate cells called?
choanocytes
80
Homology in _______ _______ with sponges
surface receptor

Biology II (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions