Chapter 52: An into to ecology and the biosphere Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
Ecology
A
the study of interactions between organisms and the environment
2
Q
Ecology
A
the study of interactions between organisms and the environment
3
Q
Biosphere
A
global ecosystem (sum of planet’s ecosystem)
4
Q
The spherical shape of the earth shows that the equator gets direct sunlight that is _________ to the sun
A
perpindicular
5
Q
how many degrees is the earth tilted?
A
23.5
6
Q
warm air rises/falls?
A
rises
7
Q
coriolis
A
the curvature of wind is unique to its hemisphere
8
Q
What latitudes do NE and SE trade winds circulate at?
A
30 and 0
9
Q
Westerlies
A
wind blowing from 30 to 60
10
Q
what drives wind?
A
solar radiation
11
Q
What drives ocean currents?
A
wind
12
Q
Gyre
A
circular ocean current that moves west at equator and east at above equator
13
Q
Rain Shadows
A
precipitation decreases at leeward side of mountains
14
Q
Monsoons
A
seasonal wind shifts causes by heating and cooling od large land masses
15
Q
°C=1100 m from equator -?
A
-6
16
Q
What biome is characterized by the physical and chemical environment?
A
aquatic
17
Q
Aphotic Zone
A
little light penetration
18
Q
Photic Zone
A
light penetrates to allow photosynthesis
19
Q
Benthic Zone
A
Substrate bottom of a lake
20
Q
Pelagic Zone
A
Open water zone of a lake
21
Q
Littoral Zone
A
The photic zone near the shore of a lake
22
Q
Limnetic Zone
A
Photic away from the shore of a lake
23
Q
Intertidal Zone
A
area between high and low tide of the ocean
24
Q
Neritic Zone
A
photic zone near the shore of the ocean
25
Oceanic Zone
photic zone away from shore
26
Abyssal Zone
deep aphotic zone (2,000-6,000)
27
Which season does layers form in lakes
winter and summer
28
mixing of water causes the flow of what
oxygen
29
What are the 3 types of freshwater biomes
lakes, streams and rivers, and wetlands
30
Aoligotrophic Lake
high mountain, lots of O2. little plant growth
31
Eutrophic Lake
low O2 due to decomp
32
Wetland
water saturated soil
33
Estuaries
transition between river and ocean
34
Intertidal Zone
shores
35
Coral Reef
sub tropical or tropical, calcium carbonate coral skeleton
36
Oceanic Pelagic zone
vast open blue water mixed by wind-driven currents
37
Marine Benthic Zone
Sea floor
38
Biosphere
global ecosystem (sum of planet's ecosystem)
39
The spherical shape of the earth shows that the equator gets direct sunlight that is _________ to the sun
perpindicular
40
how many degrees is the earth tilted?
23.5
41
warm air rises/falls?
rises
42
coriolis
the curvature of wind is unique to its hemisphere
43
What latitudes do NE and SE trade winds circulate at?
30 and 0
44
Westerlies
wind blowing from 30 to 60
45
what drives wind?
solar radiation
46
What drives ocean currents?
wind
47
Gyre
circular ocean current that moves west at equator and east at above equator
48
Rain Shadows
precipitation decreases at leeward side of mountains
49
Monsoons
seasonal wind shifts causes by heating and cooling od large land masses
50
°C=1100 m from equator -?
-6
51
What biome is characterized by the physical and chemical environment?
aquatic
52
what type of biome is characterized by 200-400cm of rain per year. most productive and diverse
tropical rain forest
53
what type of biome is characterized by 30-50cm of rain per year.
Savannah
54
what type of biome is characterized by less than 30 cm of rain per year
Desert
55
what type of biome is characterized by less than 30 cm to 50 cm of rain per year
Chaparral
56
what type of biome is characterized by less than 30 cm to 100 cm of rain per year
Temperate grasslands
57
What do temperate grasslands need to thrive
burn
58
what type of biome is characterized by less than over 300 cm of rain per year
temperate rainforest
59
Aphotic Zone
little light penetration
60
Photic Zone
light penetrates to allow photosynthesis
61
Benthic Zone
Substrate bottom of a lake
62
Pelagic Zone
Open water zone of a lake
63
Littoral Zone
The photic zone near the shore of a lake
64
Limnetic Zone
Photic away from the shore of a lake
65
Intertidal Zone
area between high and low tide of the ocean
66
Neritic Zone
photic zone near the shore of the ocean
67
Oceanic Zone
photic zone away from shore
68
Abyssal Zone
deep aphotic zone (2,000-6,000)
69
Which season does layers form in lakes
winter and summer
70
mixing of water causes the flow of what
oxygen
71
What are the 3 types of freshwater biomes
lakes, streams and rivers, and wetlands
72
Aoligotrophic Lake
high mountain, lots of O2. little plant growth
73
Eutrophic Lake
low O2 due to decomp
74
Wetland
water saturated soil
75
Estuaries
transition between river and ocean
76
Intertidal Zone
shores
77
Coral Reef
sub tropical or tropical, calcium carbonate coral skeleton
78
Oceanic Pelagic zone
vast open blue water mixed by wind-driven currents
79
Marine Benthic Zone
Sea floor
80
What biome has a mild, seasonal climate with abundant precipitation (over 300cm a year)
Temperate Rainforest
81
What biome has a colder mean temperature with limited precipitation (30-70cm a year); characterized by conifers that have needle-like leaves that are adapted to the lack of water?
Northern Coniferous Forest
82
What biome has a very cold with very little precipitation (20-60cm a year); very few trees and has a layer of permafrost (soil ice that persists through all seasons)
Tundra
83
What biome warm temperatures with 200-400cm of rain per year; most productive and diverse ecosystem
tropical rainforest
84
What biome is characterized by tropical or subtropical grasslands with warm temperatures and highly seasonal rainfall (30-50cm a year); often transition ecosystem between rainforest and deserts
Savannah
85
What biome is characterized by highly variable temperature and rainfall is sparse (less than 30cm a year) and unpredictable; vegetation is sparse and survival depends on water conservation
Desert
86
What biome is characterized by cool in fall, winter, and spring and warmer in summer with highly seasonal precipitation (30-50cm a year)? Dominated by grasses, shrubs, and small trees
Chaparral
87
What biome is characterized as similar to savannas, but lower mean temperature with highly seasonal precipitation (30-100cm); prairies have rich soils and often need periodic fire to prosper?
Temperate Grasslands
88
What biome is characterized by mild, but seasonal climates (warm summers and cool winters) with plenty of rain (70-200cm a year); vegetation characterized by an abundance of deciduous trees?
Temperate Broad-Leaf Forest
