chapter 29

Question 1

Land plants do not

Answer 1

include photosynthetic protists (algae)

Question 2

Charophytes (a green algae)

Answer 2

are closest relatives of land plants

Question 3

land plants share the following traits with only charophytes:

Answer 3

• Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins
• Structure of flagellated sperm
• Formation of a phragmoplast
• Comparisons of both nuclear & chloroplast genes

Question 4

sporopollenin

Answer 4

prevents zygotes from drying out when not submerged in water, and they are also found in plant spore walls

Question 5

Derived Traits of Plants

Answer 5

• Alternation of Generations
• Sporangia
• Gametangia
• Apical Meristems

Question 6

Alternation of Generations

Answer 6

with

multicellular, dependent embryos

Question 7

Sporangia

Answer 7

produce walled spores

Question 8

Gametangia

Answer 8

produce gametes

Question 9

Cuticle

Answer 9

a waxy covering of the epidermis that prevents water loss &
protects against microbial attack

Question 10

Stomata

Answer 10

are specialized cells that allow for gas exchange between the outside air and the plant; their actions support photosynthesis

Question 11

Mycorrhizae

Answer 11

symbiotic associations between fungi & land plants that

may have helped plants without true roots to obtain nutrients

Question 12

spore

Answer 12

can develop into a new organism without fusing with another cell…. Mitotic division of
the spore produces a new multicellular gametophyte

Question 13

land plants have both haploid &

Answer 13

diploid stages that exist as multicellular bodies

Question 14

gametophyte is

Answer 14

haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis

Question 15

diploid sporophyte

Answer 15

Fusion of egg & sperm at fertilization forms a zygote that mitoses______which produces haploid spores by meiosis

Question 16

gametangia

Answer 16

Gametes are produced within organs

Question 17

archegonia

Answer 17

Female gametangia-produce eggs & are site of fertilization

Question 18

antheridia

Answer 18

produce and release sperm

Question 19

embryophytes

Answer 19

because of the dependency of the

embryo on the parent

Question 20

sporophyte

Answer 20

produces spores in organs called sporangia

Question 21

diploid cells called sporocytes

Answer 21

undergo meiosis to generate

haploid spores

Question 22

sporopollenin

Answer 22

Spore walls, contain ______which makes them resistant to harsh environments….developed spores are released into the air

Question 23

gametophytes

Answer 23

mitosis

Question 24

apical meristems

Answer 24

Plants sustain continual growth

Question 25

vascular tissue

Answer 25

Land plants can be informally grouped based on the presence or absence

Question 26

Seed plants

Answer 26

form a clade & are divided into further clades

Question 27

Gymnosperms

Answer 27

“naked seed” plants, including conifers

Question 28

Angiosperms

Answer 28

flowering plants, 90% of living plant species

Question 29

(Seedless vascular plants) can be divided into clades

Answer 29

- Lycophytes (mosses) | - Monilophytes (ferns)

Question 30

Nonvascular plants

Answer 30

bryophytes

Question 31

Bryophytes

Answer 31

- Liverworts - Mosses - Hornworts

Question 32

gametophytes are larger

Answer 32

& longer-living than sporophytes

Question 33

protonema

Answer 33

A spore germinates into a gametophyte composed of a ____ | gamete-producing gametophore

Question 34

Mosses are common

Answer 34

in moist forests & | wetlands

Question 35

spores grow into gametophytes **

Answer 35

Sporangia (sporophyte)(2n) -----meiosis----> Spores (n) ----mitosis---> gametophytes (n)-----> gametes (n) -----> fertilization (2n)

Question 36

peat

Answer 36

partially decayed organic material

Question 37

Sphagnum

Answer 37

“peat moss,”

Question 38

Ferns and other seedless vascular plants

Answer 38

were the first plants to grow tall

Question 39

xylem & phloem

Answer 39

Transport in vascular tissues

Question 40

leaves & roots

Answer 40

oots are multicellular structures rather than | single-celled rhizoids

Question 41

sporophytes

Answer 41

of seedless vascular | plants are the larger generation

Question 42

Xylem

Answer 42

conducts most of the water and minerals and includes | tube-shaped cells called tracheids

Question 43

Phloem

Answer 43

has cells arranged into tubes that distribute sugars, amino acids and other organic products

Question 44

Roots

Answer 44

are organs that anchor vascular plants

Question 45

Microphylls

Answer 45

leaves with a single vein

Question 46

Megaphylls

Answer 46

leaves with a highly branched vascular system afford higher photosynthetic productivity

Question 47

Phylum Lycophyta

Answer 47

club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts | & are not true mosses

Question 48

Phylum Monilophyta

Answer 48

ferns, horsetails, whisk ferns & their relatives)