Chapter30

Question 1

seed

Answer 1

consists of an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat

Question 2

the following are common to all seed plants:

Answer 2

• Reduced gametophytes
• Ovules & Pollen
• Heterospory

Question 3

Reduced gametophytes

Answer 3

Gametophytes of seed plants are microscopic & develop from spores that are retained within sporangia tissues of parent sporophyte

Question 4

Heterospory

Answer 4

produce 2 types of sporangia, producing 2 spore types)

Question 5

Megasporangia

Answer 5

produce megaspores that give rise to female gametophytes

Question 6

Microsporangia

Answer 6

produce microspores that give rise to male

gametophytes

Question 7

Ancestors of seed plants

Answer 7

homosporous

Question 8

seed plants

Answer 8

heterosporous

Question 9

ovule

Answer 9

consists of a megasporangium, megaspore and 1 or more protective integuments

Question 10

Inside ovule

Answer 10

female gametophyte develops from a

megaspore & produces 1 or more eggs

Question 11

Gymnosperm megasporangia

Answer 11

has one integuments

Question 12

Angiosperm megasporangia

Answer 12

have two integuments

Question 13

pollen grains

Answer 13

which contain the male gametophytes & are covered with tough coat containng sporopollenin

Question 14

Pollination

Answer 14

is the transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules

Question 15

Evolutionary Advantage of Seeds

Answer 15

-Seed develops from the whole ovule
-Seed is a sporophyte embryo, along with its
food supply, packaged in a protective coat
-

Question 16

Seeds provide evolutionary advantages over spores

Answer 16

• Remain dormant for days to years, until conditions are favorable for germination
• Seeds have a supply of stored food (spores don’t
• may be transported long distances by wind or animals

Question 17

Angiosperm seeds are found in fruits

Answer 17

are mature ovaries

Question 18

Living seed plants can be divided into two clades:

Answer 18

Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Question 19

Gymnosperms

Answer 19

terrestrial ecosystems

Question 20

Coniferophyta

Answer 20

conifers, such as pine, fir, redwood

Question 21

Gymnosperm Phylum Cycadophyta

Answer 21

-􏰀 Individuals have large cones & palm-like leaves
-􏰀 cycads have flagellated sperm
􏰀 -few surviving species are endangered

Question 22

Gymnosperm Phylum Ginkgophyta

Answer 22

-This phylum consists of a single living species
-􏰀 Like the cycads, this group also has flagellated sperm
-􏰀 It has a high tolerance to air pollution & the male trees are a popular
ornamental tree

Question 23

Angiosperms have two key adaptations

Answer 23

􏰀- Flowers

􏰀 -Fruits

Question 24

flower

Answer 24

is an angiosperm structure specialized for sexual reproduction

Question 25

Sepals

Answer 25

usually green, which enclose unopened flower

Question 26

Petals

Answer 26

which are brightly colored | and attract pollinator

Question 27

Stamens

Answer 27

which produce pollen

Question 28

Carpels

Answer 28

which produce ovules

Question 29

stamen

Answer 29

consists of a stalk called a filament, with a sac called an anther where the pollen is produced

Question 30

fruit

Answer 30

is formed when the ovary wall thickens and matures

Question 31

Male gametophytes

Answer 31

are contained within pollen grains produced by the microsporangia of anthers

Question 32

Female gametophyte

Answer 32

or embryo sac, develops within an ovule contained within an ovary at the base of a stigma

Question 33

cross-pollination

Answer 33

between flowers from different plants of the same species

Question 34

micropyle

Answer 34

ovule is entered by a pore

Question 35

Double fertilization

Answer 35

occurs when the pollen tube discharges | two sperm into the female gametophyte within an ovule

Question 36

endosperm

Answer 36

One sperm fertilizes the egg, while the other combines with two nuclei in the central cell of the female gametophyte and initiates development of food-storing

Question 37

cotyledons

Answer 37

Within a seed, the embryo consists of a root and seed leaves

Question 38

Monocots

Answer 38

1 cotyledon [seed leaf]

Question 39

Dicots

Answer 39

2 dicotyledons [seed leaves]

Question 40

clade eudicot (“true” dicots)

Answer 40

includes most dicots