Chapter 29 - Self-Management Flashcards
(10 cards)
delay discounting
A phenomenon in which delayed rewards, regardless of their significance and magnitude (e.g., enough money for a secure retirement), exert decreasing influence over choice-making behavior as a function of their temporal distance from present circumstances. Both humans and nonhuman laboratory animals discount the value of delayed rewards; the greater the delay to the reward, the greater the discount (i.e., the less value or influence the reward has on current behavior).
habit reversal
A multiple-component treatment package for reducing unwanted habits such as fingernail biting and muscle tics; treatment typically includes self-awareness training involving response detection and procedures for identifying events that precede and trigger the response; competing response training; and motivation techniques including self-administered consequences, social support systems, and procedures for promoting the generalization and maintenance of treatment gains.
massed practice
A self-directed behavior change technique in which the person forces herself to perform an undesired behavior (e.g., a compulsive ritual) repeatedly, repeatedly, which sometimes decreases the future frequency of the behavior.
self-control [Skinner’s analysis]
Skinner (1953) conceptualized self-control as a two-response phenomenon: The controlling response affects variables in such a way as to change the probability of the controlled response.
self-control [impulse analysis]
A person’s ability to “delay gratification” by emitting a response that will produce a larger (or higher quality) delayed reward over a response that produces a smaller but immediate reward.
self-evaluation
A procedure in which a person compares her performance of a target behavior with a predetermined goal or standard; often a component of self-management.
self-instruction
Self-generated verbal responses, covert or overt, that function as rules or response prompts for a desired behavior; as a self-management tactic, self-instruction can guide a person through a behavior chain or sequence of tasks.
self-management
The personal application of behavior change tactics that produces a desired change in behavior.
self-monitoring
A procedure whereby a person systematically observes his behavior and records the occurrence or nonoccurrence of a target behavior.
systematic desensitization
A behavior therapy treatment for anxieties, fears, and phobias that involves substituting one repsonse, generally muscle relaxation, for the unwanted behavior–the fear and anxiety. The client practices relaxing while imagining the anxiety-producing situation in a sequence from the least fearful to the most fearful.