Chapter 3

Question 1

What are all organisms composed of

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

How many different types of cells does the human body have

Answer 2

200

Question 3

Basic components of cells

Answer 3

Plasma membrane cytoplasm and extra cellular fluid

Question 4

Cytosol

Answer 4

Intercellular fluid and what dissolve in it

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

Cytosol plus organelles

Question 6

What is plasma membrane made of

Answer 6

Phospholipids

Question 7

What are active transport carriers called

Answer 7

Pumps

Question 8

Glycocalyx

Answer 8

Fuzzy coat outside plasma membrane, unique to everyone but identical twins

Question 9

Microvilli

Answer 9

Extension of membranes brush border

Question 10

Cilia

Answer 10

Hair like processes

Question 11

Factors affecting difussion rate

Answer 11

Temp molecular weight steepness of gradient membrane surface and permeability

Question 12

Osmosis

Answer 12

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 13

Aquaporins

Answer 13

Channel proteins in membrane specialized for water passage

Question 14

Toni city

Answer 14

Ability of a surrounding solution to affect fluid volume and pressure in a cell

Question 15

Hypotonic

Answer 15

Less solutes more water

Question 16

Hypertonic

Answer 16

Less water more solutes

Question 17

Isotonic

Answer 17

Equal water and solutes

Question 18

Uniport

Answer 18

Carries one type of solute

Question 19

Symport

Answer 19

Carries two or more solutes in same direction

Question 20

Antiport

Answer 20

Carries two or more solutes in opposite directions

Question 21

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 21

Carriers move solutes down gradients, doesn’t consume atp

Question 22

Primary active transport

Answer 22

Need atp for energy move against gradient

Question 23

Vesicular transport

Answer 23

Moves large particles through membrane in vesicles

Question 24

Endosytosis

Answer 24

Transport materials into cell

Question 25

Exocytosis

Answer 25

Moves material out of cell

Question 26

Trancytosis

Answer 26

Transports into through and out of cell

Question 27

Active transport

Answer 27

Against gradient through a protein pump requires membrane protein requires energy expense

Question 28

Simple diffusion

Answer 28

Down gradient moves through membrane bilayer doesn’t need membrane protein or energy expense

Question 29

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 29

Down gradient moves through protein channel requires membrane protein but not energy expense

Question 30

Pinocytosis

Answer 30

Cellular drinking absorbs droplet of fluid

Question 31

Phaygocytosis

Answer 31

Cellular eating engulfs solid bacterium

Question 32

Nuclear envelope

Answer 32

Double membrane with pores

Question 33

Nucleoli

Answer 33

Masses where ribosomes are produced

Question 34

Chromatin

Answer 34

Thread like made of dna and protein

Question 35

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 35

Flattened sacs with ribosomes makes phospholipids and packages proteins

Question 36

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 36

No ribosomes synthesizes proteins and lipids detoxifies alcohol and drugs

Question 37

Ribosomes

Answer 37

Small dots of protein and rna reads genetic messages and assembles amino acids

Question 38

Hypertonic causes

Answer 38

Crenation

Question 39

Hydroponic causes

Answer 39

Lysing

Question 40

Nuclear pores

Answer 40

Let things in and out through nuclear envelope

Question 41

Nucleus

Answer 41

Command center of cell

Question 42

Golgi body

Answer 42

Stack of flat membranes packages cell proteins receiving from we and sending to membrane or turning to lysosomes

Question 43

Lysosomes

Answer 43

Clears out damages organelles and bacteria

Question 44

Peroxisomes

Answer 44

Temporarily produces hydrogen peroxide for breaking down cells or detoxification

Question 45

Mitochondria

Answer 45

Majority of atp is produces kidney bean shaped

Question 46

Cytoskeleton

Answer 46

Frame work of protein fibers

Question 47

Microfiliments

Answer 47

Frame work beneather plasma membrane like rebar

Question 48

Intermediate filaments

Answer 48

Looks like rope anchors cells together

Question 49

Microtubbules

Answer 49

Tubes of piping found in cilia