Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy& Physiology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the cell theory?

A

1 The cell is the smallest structural and functional living unit
2. Organismal functions depend on individual cell functions and collective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the plasma membrane?

A

Membrane composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins, that encloses cell contents; outer limiting cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Plasma membrane play a dynamic role in?

A

Cellular activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do the plasma membrane separate?

A

ICF from ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cholesterol

A

A plasma membrane lipid that stiffens the membrane while increasing the membranes stability and fluidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Phospholipids

A

Are a membrane lipid (75% of plasma membrane)
- phosphate head: polar and hydrophilic
- fatty acid tails: nonpolar and hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are peripheral proteins located?

A

On either monolayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Selective permeability

A

Allows passage of sure substances ; limits other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Glycolipids

A

A membrane lipid with polar sugar groups an outer membrane surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

There are plenty of ___ embedded in ___?

A

Proteins; membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are integral proteins located?

A

Within the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 7 examples of integral proteins?

A
  1. Channels
  2. Transporters
  3. Receptors
  4. Intracellular junctions
  5. Enzymes
  6. Cytoskeleton anchors
  7. Cell identity markers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is selective permeability dependent on?

A

Molecular size
Lipid solubility
Charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If substance cannot get through membrane, what does it go through?

A

Channels and transporters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 membrane Junctions

A
  1. Tight Junctions
  2. Desmosomes
  3. Gap Junctions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are tight junctions?

A

Impermeable junctions that encircle adjacent cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are desmosomes?

A

Anchoring junctions between cells
- more flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are gap junctions?

A

Communicating junctions that allow substance to pass from one cell to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Passive process

A
  • No cellular ATP
  • From high → law concentration gradient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Unassisted transport across a plasma membrane of a lipid soluble or very small particle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Facilitated diffusion is a

A

Passive process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Osmosis is a

A

Passive process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Active process

A

Energy ATP required
- low to high concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where do active processes occur?

A

In living cell membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What factors affect diffusion?
-Increased temperature - greater concentration - larger surface area - smaller particle sizes -Time
26
How does passive transport flow?
Substances diffuse down the concentration gradient; no energy is required
27
Osmosis
Transport of water without energy
28
What is an aquaporin?
Water moves from low → high solute concentration
29
Tonicity
Example of osmosis
30
What is tonicity?
Changes the shape of cells by altering their internal volume
31
What is a isotonic solution?
Solute concentration is the same inside and outside the cells.
32
How much saline solution is isotonic to human plasma
0.9%
33
Hypertonic solution
Solution with higher [ solute] than inside the cells
34
Hypotonic solution
Solution with lower[ solute] than inside cells
35
Exocytosis
Transports out of cell
36
Endocytosis
Transports into cell
37
Transcytosis
Transports into, across, and out of cell
38
Substance (vesicular) trafficking
Transport from one organelle in a cell to another
39
Membranous bound cytoplasmic organelles
- Mitochondria - Peroxisomes - lysosomes - ER - Golgi apparatus
40
Nonmembranous band cytoplasmic organelles
- Cytosteleten - centrioles -Ribosomes
41
Mitochondria
Provides most of cells ATP
42
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
43
Smooth ER
Synthesis of steroid based hormones -No ribosomes
44
Rough ER
Manufactures all secreted proteins
45
Golgi apparatus
Modifies, concentrate, and packages proteins and lipids
46
Lysosomes
Sorts, recycles, gets rid of, and break down wastes,
47
Nucleus
Cell's control center; houses DNA; all human cells have nucleus
48
Nuclear envelope
Double membrane outside the cell
49
Nucleolus
Site of ribosome assembly in the cell
50
What phases are in the cell cycle
Interphase and cell division(mitosis)
51
What are the 3 subphases of interphase?
G1,S, G2
52
What is interphase?
Cell formation → to cell division
53
What happens in the G1 (gap)phase?
Vigorous growth and metabolism
54
What happens in the S (synthetic) phase?
DNA replication
55
What happens in the g2 (gap2) phase?
Preparation for mitosis
56
What are the four stages of mitosis?
1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4 telophase
57
What are the mitotic phase events?
Mitosis and cytokinesis
58
Cytokinesis
Division a cytoplasm by cleavage furrow
59
Prophase
Chromosome is visible → mitotic spindle form between centrosomes as a result of them growing away from each other → nuclear envelope breaks down → as a result, microtubules attach to chromosomes
60
Metaphase
Chromosome line up at the equator
61
Anaphase
Chromosomes split simultaneously → then are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
62
Telophase
2 sets of chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin → nuclear membrane forms around chromatin → nucleus reappears
63
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm; actin microfilaments form a cleavage→ two daughter cells are pinched apart that each have a nucleus
64
DNA → RNA → Protein
Central Dogma of Biology
65
What is a gene?
Segment of DNA with blueprint for one polypeptide
66
Transcription
DNA → mRNA; occlus in nucleus
67
Translation
Nuclei acids → proteins ; occurs in ribosomes

Anatomy& Physiology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions