Chapter 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Where is the endothelium?
A
- Lining of the lymphatic /blood vessels, and heart
2
Q
Where is the nervous tissue found?
A
- Brain
- spinal cord
- nerves
3
Q
Stratified cuboidal epithelium - location and function,
A
- Two cell layers thick
- protection
- sweat and mammary glands
4
Q
What is the function of the nervous tissue?
A
Controls ; internal communication
5
Q
Where is the mesothelium?
A
- epithelium of serous membrane in the ventral body cavity
6
Q
Bottom of a surface is?
A
Basal
7
Q
Simple squamous epithelium - location and function
A
- Single layer of cells
- Kidney and lungs
- Endothelium
- Mesothelium
- materials pass by diffusion and filtration in sites; secretes lubricating substances in serosse
8
Q
What are the two names epithelial tissue have?
A
- Simple
- Stratified
9
Q
Where are connective tissues found?
A
- Bones
- tendons
- fat
-Blood
10
Q
Flattened and scalelike?
A
Squamous cells
11
Q
Where are the two types of epithelial tissues?
A
- cover and lining of epithelia
•respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tract - glandular epithelia
• glands (endocrine)
12
Q
Stratified columnar epithelium- location and function
A
- Only apical layer columnar
- Protection
- pharynx, male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts
13
Q
Where is the muscle tissue found?
A
- Attached to bones (skeletal)
- heart (cardiac)
- walls of hollow organs (smooth)
14
Q
Where are epithelial tissues found?
A
-Lining of digestive tract organs
- epidermis
15
Q
What is the most common epithelium?
A
Stratified squamous epithelium
16
Q
Stratified squamous epithelial – location and function
A
- Two or more cell layers
- Protects from wear and tear
- Epidermis and esophagus
17
Q
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium - location and function
A
- Cells vary in height ; appears stratified but is not
- secretes mucus and absorbs
- trachea
18
Q
Simple columnar epithelium- location and function
A
- Single layer of tall, close packed cells
- secrete and absorb
- digestive tract
19
Q
What is the function of Epithelial tissue?
A
Covers, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters, excretion, and sensory reception
20
Q
Top of a surface is?
A
Apical
21
Q
What is the function of Connective tissue?
A
Supports, protects, insulates, stores reserve fuel, transports substances and binds other tissues together
22
Q
Tall and column shaped ; nucleus elongated
A
Columnar cell
23
Q
What are the 5 characteristics of Epithelial Tissues?
A
- Polarity
- Specialized contacts
- Supported by connective tissues
- Avascular but innervated
- Can regenerate rapidly
24
Q
What are the shapes of epithelial tissues?
A
- Squamous
-Cuboidal - Columnar
25
Boxlike and nucleus round?
Cuboidal cell
26
Muscle tissue
Produces movement
27
Simple cuboidal epithelium - location and function
- Single layer of cells
- secrete and absorb
- kidney tubules
28
Transitional epithelium - location and function
- Apical/basal layered cells
- Stretch
- Lining of in urinary organs
29
What is a gland?
One or more cells that make and secrete a particular product.
30
What is secretion?
Aqueous fluid that includes protein
31
What kind of glands internally secrete?
Endocrine glands
32
Where do endocrine gland secrete their hormones?
Lymph or blood to specific organs.
33
What kind of glands externally secrete?
Exocrine glands
34
Where are exocrine glands secretions released?
Onto body surfaces or into body cavities ;
into ducts
Ex. Mucous, sweat, oil, and salivary glands
35
What are the 4 main classes of connective tissues?
1. Connective tissue proper
2. Cartilage
3. Bone
4. Blood
36
What are the 3 characteristics of connective tissue?
1. Have mesenchyme
2. Varying degrees of vascularity
3. Have extracellular matrix
37
Mesenchyme is?
Embryonic tissue
38
Extracellular matrix is?
- Separates cells
- Nonliving
39
What are the 3 elements all connective tissue must have?
1. Ground substance
2. Fibers
3. Cells
40
What is ground substance?
Fills the space between the cells and contains fibers
41
What is considered the connective tissue glue?
Cell Adhesion Proteins
42
What are the 3 Connective tissue fibers?
1. Collagen
2. Elastic fibers
3. Reticular
43
Collagen
- Strongest and most abundant
- Tough ; provides high tensile strength
44
Elastic fibers
- Elastin: allow for stretch/recoil
- Long and thin
45
Reticular fibers
- short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers
46
What cells are specific to connective tissue proper?
1. Fibroblast
47
What cells are specific to cartilage?
1. Chondroblasts
2. Chondrocytes
48
What cells are specific to bones?
1. Osteoblast
2.Osteocytes
49
What connective tissue cell stores nutrients?
Fat cells
50
What connective tissue cell responds to injury?
White blood cells
51
3 examples of WBC
1. Neutrophils
2. Eosinophils
3. Lymphocytes
52
What connective tissue cell initiates local inflammatory responses?
Mast cells
53
What do mast cells secrete?
Histamine
54
What connective tissue cell is considered phagocytic and eats dead cells?
Macrophages
55
What are 2 characteristics of cartilage?
1. Lacks nerve fibers
2. Avascular
56
What are the 3 types of cartilage
1. Hyaline
2. Elastic
3. Fibrocartilage
* different fibers in each cartilage
57
Hyaline cartilage - location an function
- Support and reinforces
- costal cartilage of the ribs
58
Elastic cartilage- location and function
- Maintains the shape of structure/flexibility
- ear/epiglottis
59
Fibrocartilage- location and function
-Tensile strength
- intervertebral discs
60
What is another name for bone?
Osseous tissue
61
Bone ( osseous tissue) - location and function
- Supports and protects body structures
- stores fat and synthesizes blood cells in cavities
- bones
62
Blood - location and function
- Transport respiratory gases nutrients, wastes, and other substances
- Located within blood vessels
63
How is blood a connective tissue?
Arrives from mesenchymal tissue and has a nonliving fluid matrix
64
What are the 2 characteristics of Muscle tissue?
1. Highly vascularized
2. Responsible for most type of movement
65
What are the 3 muscle tissues?
1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth
66
What is unique about skeletal muscle? How does it look?
Voluntary
Long, cylindrical multinucleate cells
67
What is unique about cardiac muscle? How does it look?
Involuntary
Branched, striated, uninucleate cells
68
What is unique about smooth muscle tissue? How does it look?
Involuntary
Spindle shaped cells with central nuclei, no striations
69
What is the nervous system composed of?
1. Neurons
2. Neurolgia
70
What do neurons do?
Generate and conduct nerve impulses
* apart of neuron cell (long axon)
71
What do neurolgia do?
Support, insulate, and protect neurons
72
Which tissue regenerates extremely well?
Epithelial tissues
73
Which tissue regenerates at moderate capacity?
Smooth muscle
74
Which tissue has virtually no regenerative capacity?
nervous tissue
