Chapter 3 Flashcards
What type of studies did Thorndike conduct
Puzzle boxes - operant conditioning - “stamping in”
Who conducted puzzle box experiments
Thorndike
How did puzzle box experiments work?
Put them in puzzle box, animal will learn to move the lever to open the door and escape
The first time the lever will typically be hit on accident
Over time the animal escaped faster and faster each time
What does “Stamped in” mean
The association between the behaviour and reward/outcome
Are you more likely to stamp in a behaviour that has a positive or negative consequence?
Positive consequence
Does Thorndike use contiguity or reinforcement to explain his studies?
Reinforcement
Law of effect
If there is a positive outcome you are going to repeat the behaviour
Law of readiness
Has to do with the maturation and previous learning of the individual
Also has to do with whether the activity is satisfying or annoying
What are the 5 subsdiary laws?
- Multiple responses
- Set or attitude
- Prepotency of elements
- Response by analogy
- Associative shifting
What is the multiple responses law?
You might have to try multiple times to do something
Trial and error
Cycle of attempt-observe-repeat
What is set or attitude law?
Learning is partly a function of attitudes or set defined predispositions
What is prepotency of elements law?
individuals only react to significant (prepotent) elements leading them to be undistracted by irrelevant stimuli
What is the response by analogy law?
Using previous experience and applying it to new experiences (transperring study habits)
What is the law of associative shifting?
A process whereby a response may shift from one stimulus to another
Ex. Teaching your dog how to sit and slowly over time removing the treat and now their reward is auditory
Who quoted “i was wrong”
Thorndike
