chapter 3

Question 1

chemical aspect of digestion

Answer 1

breaking chemical bonds in ingested foods and beverages into absorbable substances like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids

Question 2

sources of digestive juices to assist with chemical digestion

Answer 2

salivary glands
stomach
pancreas
liver
small intestine

Question 3

salivary glands have

Answer 3

starch digesting enzymes and lipid digesting enzymes

Question 4

stomach has

Answer 4

hydrochloric acid and protein digesting enzymes

Question 5

pancreas has

Answer 5

bicarbonate ions and a variety of digestive enzymes released into the small intestine

Question 6

live produces and releases

Answer 6

bile into the small intestine

Question 7

small intestine is

Answer 7

a variety of digestive enzymes

Question 8

digestive tract bacteria

Answer 8

ferment many indigestible fibers

Question 9

digest tract bacteria breaks down

Answer 9

undigested protein and unabsorbed amino acids and bile

Question 10

digestive tract bacteria chemically alter

Answer 10

certain drugs and phytochemicals

Question 11

heartburn may be caused by a

Answer 11

weak lower esophageal sphincter

Question 12

ulcers are

Answer 12

irritated or inflamed defect or excavation of the organ/tissue surface by the acidic gastric juices

Question 13

possible causes of ulcers:

Answer 13

medications, alcohol, helicobacter pylori

Question 14

symptoms of an ulcer

Answer 14

abdominal pain
vomiting,
fatigue
bleeding
general weakness

Question 15

suggested treatments of an ulcer

Answer 15

medications
limiting or avoid alc, caffeine, spices and acidic foods

Question 16

possible causes of gallstones

Answer 16

a diet low in fiber and chronically inadequate fluid intake resulting in abnormally thick- concentrated bile solution

Question 17

symptoms of gallstones

Answer 17

fever
nausea
vomiting
cramps

Question 18

hernias are formed when part or all of an organ

Answer 18

protrudes through the body chamber wall that contains the organ

Question 19

constipation causes

Answer 19

inadequate amounts of fiber and fluids
physical inactivity
diabetes
depression
stress

Question 20

diarrhea causes

Answer 20

contaminated water
stress
excessive fiber
some antibiotics

Question 21

IBS is a functional disorder affecting

Answer 21

intestinal rhythm and transit time of chyme and fecal materials

Question 22

symptoms of IBS

Answer 22

alternating patterns of constipation and diarrhea
inflammation
pain
gas
abdominal cramping
bloating

Question 23

possible causes of IBS

Answer 23

low fiber diets
physical inactivity
stress
inadequate sleep
intestinal motility

Question 24

suggested treatments of IBS

Answer 24

small meals containing fiber and water
avoidance of irritating foods
develop regular exercise habits
good sleep habits
stress management

Question 25

hemorrhoids are often formed when a person is trying to expel

Answer 25

dry, hard fecal material by increasing pressure inside the colon, rectum, and anus areas

Question 26

symptoms of hemorrhoids

Answer 26

itching swelling and inflammation in rectum and anus veins

Question 27

hemorrhoid location

Answer 27

internal hemorrhoids are close to internal membrane surface of rectum external hemorrhoids may have protruded just outside the anus

Question 28

colon cancer symptoms

Answer 28

often no symptoms weight loss, internal bleeding, iron-deficiency anemia, fatigue- not associated with cancer initially

Question 29

suggested treatments if colon cancer is benign

Answer 29

surgery dietary counseling

Question 30

suggested treatments if colon cancer is cancerous

Answer 30

surgery radiation therapy chemotherapy dietary counseling

Question 31

polyp facts are developed inside the

Answer 31

colon

Question 32

polyps may or may not be

Answer 32

benign

Question 33

polyps developing within the large intestine may indicate

Answer 33

an early stage of cancer developing

Question 34

gastroespophageal reflux disease

Answer 34

severe and chronic splashing of stomach acid and enzymes into the esophagus, throat, mouth or airway that causes injury to those organs