chapter 3

Question 1

chemical aspect of digestion

Answer 1

breaking chemical bonds in ingested foods and beverages into absorbable substances like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids

Question 2

sources of digestive juices to assist with chemical digestion

Answer 2

salivary glands
stomach
pancreas
liver
small intestine

Question 3

salivary glands have

Answer 3

starch digesting enzymes and lipid digesting enzymes

Question 4

stomach has

Answer 4

hydrochloric acid and protein digesting enzymes

Question 5

pancreas has

Answer 5

bicarbonate ions and a variety of digestive enzymes released into the small intestine

Question 6

live produces and releases

Answer 6

bile into the small intestine

Question 7

small intestine is

Answer 7

a variety of digestive enzymes

Question 8

digestive tract bacteria

Answer 8

ferment many indigestible fibers

Question 9

digest tract bacteria breaks down

Answer 9

undigested protein and unabsorbed amino acids and bile

Question 10

digestive tract bacteria chemically alter

Answer 10

certain drugs and phytochemicals

Question 11

what needs to be in a diet to support beneficial colonies

Answer 11

most whole or minimally processed foods, fiber and water

Question 12

heartburn may be caused by a

Answer 12

weak lower esophageal sphincter

Question 13

ulcers are

Answer 13

irritated or inflamed defect or excavation of the organ/tissue surface by the acidic gastric juices

Question 14

possible causes of ulcers:

Answer 14

medications, alcohol, helicobacter pylori

Question 15

symptoms of an ulcer

Answer 15

abdominal pain
vomiting,
fatigue
bleeding
general weakness

Question 16

suggested treatments of an ulcer

Answer 16

medications
limiting or avoid alc, caffeine, spices and acidic foods

Question 17

possible causes of gallstones

Answer 17

a diet low in fiber and chronically inadequate fluid intake resulting in abnormally thick- concentrated bile solution

Question 18

symptoms of gallstones

Answer 18

fever
nausea
vomiting
cramps

Question 19

hernias are formed when part or all of an organ

Answer 19

protrudes through the body chamber wall that contains the organ

Question 20

constipation causes

Answer 20

inadequate amounts of fiber and fluids
physical inactivity
diabetes
depression
stress

Question 21

diarrhea causes

Answer 21

contaminated water
stress
excessive fiber
some antibiotics

Question 22

IBS is a functional disorder affecting

Answer 22

intestinal rhythm and transit time of chyme and fecal materials

Question 23

symptoms of IBS

Answer 23

alternating patterns of constipation and diarrhea
inflammation
pain
gas
abdominal cramping
bloating

Question 24

possible causes of IBS

Answer 24

low fiber diets
physical inactivity
stress
inadequate sleep
intestinal motility

Question 25

suggested treatments of IBS

Answer 25

small meals containing fiber and water
avoidance of irritating foods
develop regular exercise habits
good sleep habits
stress management

Question 26

hemorrhoids are often formed when a person is trying to expel

Answer 26

dry, hard fecal material by increasing pressure inside the colon, rectum, and anus areas

Question 27

symptoms of hemorrhoids

Answer 27

itching
swelling and inflammation in rectum and anus veins

Question 28

hemorrhoid location

Answer 28

internal hemorrhoids are close to internal membrane surface of rectum
external hemorrhoids may have protruded just outside the anus

Question 29

colon cancer symptoms

Answer 29

often no symptoms
weight loss, internal bleeding, iron-deficiency anemia, fatigue- not associated with cancer initially

Question 30

suggested treatments if benign

Answer 30

surgery
dietary counseling

Question 31

suggested treatments if cancerous

Answer 31

surgery
radiation therapy
chemotherapy
dietary counseling

Question 32

polyp facts are developed inside the

Answer 32

colon

Question 33

polyps may or may not be

Answer 33

benign

Question 34

polyps developing within the large intestine may indicate

Answer 34

an early stage of cancer developing

Question 35

gastroespophageal reflux disease

Answer 35

severe and chronic splashing of stomach acid and enzymes into the esophagus, throat, mouth or airway that causes injury to those organs