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Intro to Pysch > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum, cerebellum, corpus callossum

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2
Q

Define the cerebrum

A

Process sensory info, thinking, learning, consciousness of voluntary movement, containing 2 hemis

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3
Q

Define the cerebellum

A

Coordinates skilled/voluntary movements, balance, affects muscle tone, reflex,

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4
Q

Define the corpus callosum

A

Neural fibres connecting hemis. and passing info through interhemispheric transfer

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5
Q

What are the 4 parts of the hemisphere

A

Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

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6
Q

Define the frontal lobe

A

Healthy personality, rational decision making, executive planning

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7
Q

Define the temporal lobe

A

Process auditory info

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8
Q

Define the parietal lobe

A

Respond to info from body parts (5 senses), contralateral, somatosensory (larger areas devoted to more sensitive body parts)

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9
Q

Define the occipital lobe

A

Process visual info, contralateral

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10
Q

Define lateralization

A

LH: language, math, analytics, logic
RH: facial recognition, spatial abilites, creativity, intuition

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11
Q

What damage can happen in the frontal lobe

A

Broca’s aphasia, impaired ability of language, can think but not speak

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12
Q

Define Broca’s area

A

Frontal lobe, speech production, combining sounds into words then sentences

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13
Q

Define Wernicke’s area

A

Temporal, understand verbal, written material, speaking coherently

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14
Q

What damage can happen in the temporal lobe?

A

Wernicke’s aphasia, speech is fluent but incomprehensible to others

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15
Q

What damage can happen in the occiptial lobe?

A

Visual agnosia, difficulties recognizing objects due to damage in V.A.A., difficulties combining indiv. parts

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16
Q

Define the motor cortex

A

Frontal lobe, initiates voluntary move., contralateral, larger areas devoted to more precise control

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17
Q

Define the primary auditory cortex

A

Temporal, Basic sensory info (noise)

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18
Q

Define the auditory association area

A

Temporal,Making sense of sounds, words; recognizing name

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19
Q

Define the primary visual cortex

A

Occiptial, basic sight info (colours, lights, lines)

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20
Q

Define the visual association area

A

Occipital, Meaningful perception of people, animals, objects

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21
Q

Define brain plasticity

A

Ability to change, adapt in response to experience; reorganizing, growing new synaptic connections; enviro. interacts with nervous system

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22
Q

Define neurogenesis

A

Brain forming new neurons

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23
Q

What is the brain composed of (4)

A

86-90b neurons, glucose, glia cells, grey (cellbodies) and white (axons) matter

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24
Q

Define glia cells

A

Support, nurture, insolate neurons; remove debris from dead neurons; enhance neural connections

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25
What is the nervous system made up of
Central and peripheral systemsW
26
What is the CNS made up of
Brain, spinal cord
27
What is the role of the spinal cord
Connects brain to PNS
28
What is the PNS
Peripheral nervous system, carrying info to and from CNS
29
What are the two systems within the PNS
Somatic and autonomic
30
Define the somatic system
Controls skeletal muscles, interacts with exterior enviro.; links spinal cord with body, sensory organs; voluntary behaviour
31
Define the autonomic system
Regulates body internal enviro (organs, glands, blood vessels, heart rate, blood pressure)
32
What are the two parts of the autonomic system
Sympathetic , parasympathetic
33
What is the sympathetic system
Preps body for action; fight-flight; emergency system; mobilizes energy; no conscious effort (breathing, HR, BP)
34
What is the parasympathetic system
Conserves energy in body; returns to normal quiet state after emergency; most active after emotional event
35
What is a reflex
Automatic response to pain
36
What neurons are involved in a reflex
Sensory, intra, motor
37
Define sensory neurons
Processes pain by carrying info from skin/muscles to CNS
38
Define intraneurons
Connects sensory and motor neurons
39
Define motor neurons
Removed body from pain before brain realizes by carrying info from CNS to muscle/glands/organs
40
What are the 3 major parts of the brain
Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
41
What is the limbic system
Found in forebrain, structures involved in motivation, emotion, learning, memory
42
What are the structures of the limbic system (5)
Frontal lobe, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus
43
What are the structures of the hindbrain (4)
Pons, reticula formation, medulla, cerebellum
44
What is the brain stem
Part of brain responsible of providing oxygenW
45
What are the structures of the brain stem
Midbrain, pons, medulla, retiucal formation
46
Where is the retiucal formation found
Region of pons, medulla
47
Define thalamus
Relay sensory messages to cerebral cortex
48
Define hippocampus
Store info in memory6
49
Define amygdala
Arousal, emotion regulation/memories (fear)
50
Define hypothalamus
Controls, regulates: body T, hunger, thirst, arousal, endocrine system
51
Define the reticula formation
Arouses cortex, screens incoming info
52
Define the pons
Sleeping, dreaming, arousal
53
Define the medulla
Automatic functions (Breathing, HR, BP)
54
What are the parts of a neuron
Dendrites, soma, axon, nodes of Ranvier, Myelin sheath, axon terminal
55
Define dendritesB
Branch-like structure receiving info from other neurons
56
Define soma
Cell body, providing fuel, synthesizes chemicals, contains DNA
57
Define nodes of Ranvier
generates action potential
58
Define axon
Carries info away from cell body to neurons, muscles, glands
59
Define axon terminal
Releases brain chemicals
60
Define Myelin sheath
Fatty tissue layer surrounding axon; comes from glia cells; speeds up neural impulse conduction
61
How does action potential happen
Current moving from node to node triggers start of AP, info becomes an electric signal gathering at dendrites and cell body then bang AP
62
What is a nerve impulse
Seperate action potentials node to node
63
Do action potentials always fire
No, based on all-or-nothing principle
64
How do neurotransmitters becoming inactive after going in the synapse
1. Diffusion (drifts out eventually) 2. Degradation (broken down by chemicals) 3. Reuptake
65
What are the 4 steps to action potential
1. resting (no pos+) 2. depolarization (pos+ forces in) 3. refractory (+leaves) 3. repeat

Intro to Pysch (10 decks)

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