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Social 20-2 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the first estate and how much did it compose of the population?

A

The first estate was the clergy and it made up about 2% of the population but 98% of the wealth and power

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2
Q

What was the second estate and how much did it compose of the population?

A

The second estate was the nobility and it made up about 2% of the population but 98% of the wealth and power

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3
Q

What was the third estate and how much did it compose of the population?

A

The third estate was the commoners and it made up about 98% of the population

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4
Q

What was the responsibilities of the first estate?

A

The responsibilities were the registration of the births, marriages, and death, the collected the tithe, censored books, served as morel police, operated schools and hospitals, and distributed relief to the poor

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5
Q

What was the responsibilities of the second estate?

A

The responsibilities were collecting rent, collecting labour dues. They were the highest positions in the Church, army and government, they were also exempt from taxes

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6
Q

What was the responsibilities of the third estate?

A

They paid all the taxes which were heavy, owed labour dues to the first and second estate, and had no rights

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7
Q

How was the taxes for the third estate?

A

They were heavy. They paid taxes to the king, the church, dues of the manor, as well as numerous indirect taxes on wine, salt, and bread

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8
Q

What was the estate general?

A

The estates general was the original French parliament. However, parliament had not been called since 1614 when Louis the 14th disbanded it, when it did exist it was divided into 3 parts representing each state

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9
Q

What was the divine right of kings?

A

The divine right of kings was a doctrine which asserted that kings derived their authority from god and could not therefore be held accountable for their actions by any earthly authority such as a parliament

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10
Q

What is absolutism

A

When the kind has absolute power that cannot be questioned

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11
Q

Why was Louis the 14th known as the sun king?

A

Everything revolved around him, that’s how much power he had

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12
Q

Why did Louis name change from “Louis the beloved” to “Louis the hated”?

A

He spent all the money on parties, women, and bankrupt France in the 7 years war

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13
Q

Describe Louis the 16th demeanour.

A

Not a strong king, had trouble making up his mind, always wanted to please everyone but ending up pleasing no one

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14
Q

What was the palace of Versailles?

A

Was the extravagant palace that was built and maintained on the backs of the people and a symbol of the waste of the French monarchy and the power it had over the people

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15
Q

Describe Louis the 14th.

A

He lived a life of extravagance and waste, he had all the power

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16
Q

Describe the plight of the French peasants by 1777.

A

Desperation, entire population was reduced to beggary, in 1777 1.1 million people were officially beggars. In the villages famine had become chronic, bread riots followed by murder were common

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17
Q

Describe French involvement in the American revolution.

A

France shipped a lot of soldiers, weapons, war ships, as well as food and 1.3 billion livres in cash. French forces suffered heavy casualties

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18
Q

What were the consequences of the French contribution to the American revolution?

A

France was even more bankrupt and the French people were going to pay that debt

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19
Q

What was the consequence of the American revolution for the French?

A

thousands of French soldiers returning from America after fighting to establishing a democracy there and the French are asking “Why not us” and bringing back that idea that if it can work for America it was work for France

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20
Q

Who was Lafayette?

A

French military leader who brings back liberal ideas to France

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21
Q

Why did Louis the 16th call the assembly of notables?

A

He appoints Jacques Necker as his finance person and Necker says he has to tax the nobles, he calls the assembly of notables to ask for permission to tax them

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22
Q

What was the nobles reaction of Louis the 16th request?

A

They didn’t want to pay the tax and he fires Necker

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23
Q

Describe the conditions in France during the years 1787 and 1788.

A

A cycle of drought, then fierce hailstorms, and flooding destroyed most of the nation’s crops and it led to soaring prices, high unemployment and near-famine. People went on rampages, breaking into storehouses and stealing everything edible

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24
Q

Why would Louis the 14th most likely disagreed with Louis the 16th response to the nobles defiance?

A

Louis the 14th was decisive and Louis the 16th was not

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25
Why did the third estate and parish priests leave the estates general and what did they form?
Louis the 16th knew he had to do something or there was going to be a revolt, he asked the people for their suggestion and they say that he should call the estates-general which would give them a say in the laws being passed. The voting system was rigged so that the third estate would always lose and they left and formed the National assembly
26
What was the response to the National assembly to king Louis the 16th attempt to prevent them from meeting?
The first and second estate locked the doors as they can't form parliament so they went to a different place and they moved to a indoor tennis court "Oath of the tennis court" he ordered the first and second estate to the national assembly
27
What was the great fear?
While the king recognizes the national assembly as being a true parliament by the summer of 1789 the people were still starving and suspected the king was doing this on purpose. This rumour escalated and the people believe there is a aristocratic conspiracy by the king to overthrow the third estate
28
What was the Bastille?
An ancient fortress prison located in the heart of Paris that had become a symbol of the kings power and oppression over the people. The people believed that the king was using it as a base for a army to attack the national assembly, they also thought they held political prisoners there
29
What did the Bastille symbolize for the French populace?
By the 18th century the Bastille had become a oppression imposed upon the third estate by the clergy and aristocracy
30
What was the rumours that spread through Paris in July of 1789?
Rumours spread that the king was getting forces and weapons at the Bastille in order to attack and destroy the newly formed national assembly
31
What happened at the Bastille on July 14, 1789?
A crowd of about 30,000 gathered at the Bastille and demanded that the prisoners be let go and the army disbanded to prove there was no army or prisoners a guard opened the gates and the fortress was stormed, the guards were killed and heads were put on spikes there was no army, weapons, or prisoners
32
What does the fall of the Bastille symbolize?
The first violent act of the revolution and that the kings power is slipping away
33
How did the national assembly end the great fear?
They are going to destroy feudalism which means a end to serfs and giving rights to the people
34
Describe the declaration of rights of man and citizen and why does it resemble the American bill of rights?
It is a commission that outlines the rights and freedoms of all French people that cannot be taken away. It outlines the power of the government and lowers the kings. It resembles the American bill of rights cause the Americans helped them write it
35
Did the declaration of rights of man and citizen ensure complete equality in France?
No it was only all men are equal, it helped make wealth, not birth, blood or legal privileges the foundation of modern France
36
What was the bread march?
Oct 5 1789 women in Paris arrived to the food markets that once again had no food starving and upset 10,000 people mostly women proceeded to walk to Versailles hoping to convince the king to provide food
37
Why did the bread march change the course of the French revolution?
After arriving to Versailles and stormed the place and almost killing the queen only Louis the 16th could calm them down by promising to go back to Paris with the people to live in the Tuileries under house arrest
38
What was the reaction of the nobles to the apprehension of the king?
They flee France, the king's brother went into exile and 20,000 other emigrants mostly nobles other people of means and clergymen
39
How did the national assembly rectify the financial crisis of 1789?
They pass a law called the civil constitution of the clergy in 1790. They took the church's property and sold it, they also removed the privileges of the clergy
40
By 1791 the national assembly has solidified their control of France what did Louis the 16th attempt?
He and his family attempt to flee France, the flight to Varennes and gets captured and is now seen as a traitor
41
What effect did the king's actions have on the French revolution?
It made the revolution more radial, more and more were convinced to join the Jacobins to kill the king. The revolution is about to become bloody
42
Why were the monarchs of Europe concerned about the French revolution?
If the revolution succeeds in France and the king and queen are killed the people in the kingdoms will get the same idea
43
Why did France declare war on the European kingdom?
The people of France knew that Austria was going to declare war at some point and felt that their only chance was to do what Austria least expected and declare war on them first
44
Why were the French armed forces disorganized?
It's a army of peasants with no military experience, the army had been devastated by the desertion of 2/3 of its officers had been nobles before the revolution
45
Why did massacres occur in September of 1792?
The French are not doing well in the war against Austria and Prussia, rumours started that the French army was losing because some of the population was plotting to overthrow the revolution against the army. They called these counter revolutions. a Prussian army captured Verdun and people lost their minds. Mods dragged prisoners from cells and killed them including 225 priests
46
What did the new French republic do their former king?
The first act was to abolish the monarchy and proclaim the republic on Sep 21 1792. They vote on Jan 17 1793 they vote to put the king to death, he was beheaded by the guillotine
47
What is the Levy En Masse and why was it implemented?
Early in 1793 Austria, Prussia , Spain, The United provinces, and Great Britain formed the first of 7 coalitions that would oppose France over the next 23 years. In response to reverses at the hands of the first coalition the revolutionary government declared a Levy En Masse by which all Frenchmen were placed at the disposal of the army.
48
What was the Reign of Terror?
The 2 years when France was basically ruled by Rubospiere, Dantoin, and Marat, these people turned the population against itself in order to control it and justify this by saying they were traitors who were trying to overthrow the revolution. Over 10000 people would die because of this.
49
Who were the leading members of the Committee of Public Safety which orchestrated the Reign of Terror?
Robospire, Danton, and Marat.
49
How many people were killed during the Reign of Terror?
Between 11000 and 18000 deaths.
50
How did the Reign of Terror end?
1. Charlotte Carday killed Marat 2.Danton wondered if they were going to far and robespiere killed him 3.The people thought robospiere went to far and got him killed
51
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
A corium noble who is a officer in the French army, he is also a military genius who quickly advances in rank until he becomes the general. He then goes on to conquer almost all of Europe and becomes leader of France.
52
What was Napoleon's defence of the Tuileries Palace?
The people were unhappy with the directory and hundreds show up to overthrow them, fearing another Bastille the directory turns to a artily officer, Napoleon Bonaparte. He used grape shots on the crowd and saved the directory and was promoted to general.
53
Was Napoleon successful in warfare?
Yes, Napoleon pushed the British out of Torulosis next he pushes the Austrians out of France he is outnumbered almost 2:1 he pushed the Austrians and the Predmontese forces all the way back to Vianna with the capital of Austria under threat the Austrian leader sues for peace and they sign the Treaty of Campo Formio.
54
What government position was created for Napoleon in 1799 and why?
The directory feared that Napoleon was going to take over the country and sent him and his army to take over Egypt. he wins the battle of the pyramids but has his army sunk at the battle of the Nile, the directory wanted to leave him there to die. He escapes and returns to France and takes over the government and becomes the first consul.
55
What was Napoleon's invasion of Austria like?
Britain convinces Austria to form a second coalition to take out Napoleon. Napoleon leads his army across the alps and surprise attacks Austria, he defeats them.
56
What was the Treaty of Amiens?
He signs the treaty of Luneuilla and Austria is out of the war, for the first time in 10 years Europe is at peace. Britain signed the treaty of Amiens that put them at peace.
57
What was the Napoleonic code?
1.Every person was equal before the law 2. No secret laws could exist 3. All laws had to be published 4. Religious crimes were illegal 5. Divorce treated as a civil manner 6. Granted men many rights
58
What did Napoleon become in 1804?
The people are so happy with Napoleon they elect him to become king.
59
What was the result of the French defeat at the battle of Trafalgar?
Napoleon assemblies the biggest army ever so he can take out the British navy, the battle of Trafalgar was the showdown between the British and the French for the master. The French outnumber the British but the British have Harato Nelon which was the Napoleon of the navy. The French lose and no one will try to fight Britain on the water again.
60
Why is the battle of Trafalgar considered to be one of the most pivotal battles in English history?
No world power will challenge the British navy for over 100 years. The British will be free to control the world with their navy for the next 100 years.
61
What was the intention of the Continental System and why was it successful?
Napoleon had won Austria, Prussia, and Russia but not Britain to deal with Britain he forbid all of his European countries from trading with Britain. No it was not successful because it hurt Europe more than Britain and that made them break the deal with Napoleon, this caused Napoleon to attack Russia.
62
What was Napoleon's tactics?
Napoleon divided his army into mini armys each with its own commander called corps with that he can have more moveable armys.
63
What was result of Napoleon's invasion of Russia?
Out of a original fighting force of 600000 men, just 10000 soldiers were still fit for battle.
64
How did the Russian army defeat Napoleon's grand army?
Weather, Discipline, Faulty logistics, scorched earth tactics, disease.
65
What happened to Napoleon after his defeat in Russia?
He is exiled to the island of Elba and the French monarchy is restored with Louis the 18th as king.
66
What was the 100 days campaign?
Napoleon escapes Elba and lands in France, he and his supporters take over France and the king flees, the other nations of Europe raise their army to come after Napoleon. Napoleon will region for 100 days.
67
What was the Allied response to Napoleon's return?
They raise their army and meet them at Waterloo.
68
What happened after the battle of Waterloo?
Napoleon is defeated by the British and the Duke of Wellington and the Prussians and Blucher.
69
What did the Allies do with Napoleon?
They banish him to a tiny island called St.Helane, he dies 6 years later at the age of 51.
70
Why is it ironic that Louis the 18th was instated by the Allies as the new king of France following Napoleon's exile?
They fought this big revolution to get rid of the king just to end up with one again.
71
How did Napoleon change the consciousness of Europeans?
When Napoleon conquered other kingdoms he brought the revolution with him as well as the Napoleonic code , the people of Europe now want liberal democracy and unwilling to go back to absolute rule by monarchs. Nationalism is now a wide-spread feeling.
72
What was the changes to the borders of the nations of France between 1797 to 1914?
Less amount of countries but bigger and more powerful.
73
What was the congress of Vienna?
The nations of Europe meeting to discuss the rebuilding of Europe, having two ideas on how to prevent war .
74
What was the first idea for the Congress of Vienna and did it work?
Turn the clock back and restore absolute monarchies AKA the Metternich system which stomps out the ideals of liberalism and nationalism, this plan did not work for long.
75
What was the second idea for the Congress of Vienna and did it work?
Establish a balance of power systems. Britain, France, Austria, Russia, and Prussia will be equal in power if one gets too powerful the others will go against it to knock it back down to size. This did work.
76
What was the concert of Europe?
It was a established place where these construct meet to discuss instead of going to war.

Social 20-2 (6 decks)

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