Chapter 3 Flashcards
(19 cards)
It is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to experience.
Learning
THEORIES OF LEARNING
It is defined as a type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus.
Classical Conditioning
THEORIES OF LEARNING
A type of learning when people learn to repeat behaviors that bring them pleasurable outcomes and to avoid behaviors that lead to uncomfortable outcomes.
Operant Conditioning
THEORIES OF LEARNING
It is the process of observing the behavior of others, recognizing its consequences, and altering behavior as a result.
Social Learning
A process by which people select, organize, interpret, retrieve, and respond to information from their environment.
Perception
Factors influencing perception
Refers to past experiences, needs or motives, personally, values and attitudes.
Perception Factors
Factors influencing perception
It is contrast, intensity, figure-ground separation, size, motion, repetition or novelty. A person, object, or event that is perceived by another person
Target Factors
Factors influencing perception
It refers to time, work setting, and social setting
Situation Factors
Person who perceives the target.
Perceiver
It is the process by which people ascribe causes to the behavior they perceive.
Attribution Theory
Common Attribution Errors
It is the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal or personal factors in the behaviors of others
Fundmental Attribution Errors
Common Atrribution Factors
It is an attribution error whereby people tend to attribute their achievements to their good inner qualities, whereas they attribute their failures to adverse factors within the environment.
Self-Serving Bias
Factors that influence Attribution
It is consideration given to how consistent a person’s behavior is across different situations.
Distinctiveness
Factors that influence Attribution
It refers to the likelihood that all those facing the same situation will have similar responses.
Consensus
Factors that influence Attribution
It refers to the measure of whether an individual responds the same way across time.
Consistency
Shortcuts used in forming impressions of others
It happens when a person selectively interprets what he sees on the basis of his interests, background, experience
Selective Perception
Shortcuts used in forming impressions of others
It occurs when one attribute of a person or situation is used to develop an overall impression of the person or situation.
Halo Effect
Shortcuts used in forming impressions of others
It is defined as evaluations of a person’s characteristics that are affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics.
Contrast Effects
Shortcuts used in forming impressions of others
It attributes one’s own thoughts, feelings, or motives to another.
Projection
